Heifers immunized with whole-cell and membrane vaccines against Tritrichomonas foetus and naturally challenged with an infected bull

Cobo, Eduardo R.; Cano, D.; Rossetti, Osvaldo; Campero, Carlos Manuel

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00301-1

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A more recent study compared the duration of infection and reproductive losses in heifers vaccinated with T. foetus whole cells or cell membrane alone and challenged with an infected bull. The results showed that infection was eradicated somewhat faster and calf mortality was reduced in animals vaccinated with the membrane vaccine (18).…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Treatment of Infections Caused by Metronidazole-ResistantTrichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2004

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Infections with the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis are usually treated with metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole drug derived from the antibiotic azomycin. Metronidazole treatment is generally efficient in eliminating T. vaginalis infection and has a low risk of serious side effects. However, studies have shown that at least 5% of clinical cases of trichomoniasis are caused by parasites resistant to the drug. The lack of approved alternative therapies for T. vaginalis treatment means that higher and sometimes toxic doses of metronidazole are the only option for patients with resistant disease. Clearly, studies of the treatment and prevention of refractory trichomoniasis are essential. This review describes the mechanisms of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis and provides a summary of trichomonicidal and vaccine candidate drugs

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Treatment of Infections Caused by Metronidazole-ResistantTrichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2004

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“…Organisms do not survive well outside the host; therefore, collection of an adequate smegma sample; preservation in suitable media after collection, and rapid transport to the diagnostic facility are critical to T. foetus recognition (Clavijo et al, 2011;Cobo et al, 2002;Perez et al, 2006). Trichomonads must remain alive and motile for detection and confirmation in culture (Corbeil et al, 2008;Felleisen, 1999;Mutto et al, 2006;Nickel et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Tritrichomonas foetus is an important pathogen of the bovine reproductive tract causing early embryonic death and abortion (Cobo et al, 2002;Ondrak, 2010;Rhyan et al, 1995Rhyan et al, , 1988. This protozoal organism colonizes the mucosa of the penis and prepuce in the bull, producing mild clinical signs and minimal immune recognition (Cobo et al, 2002(Cobo et al, , 2007Greenwell et al, 2008;Ondrak, 2010;Perez et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This protozoal organism colonizes the mucosa of the penis and prepuce in the bull, producing mild clinical signs and minimal immune recognition (Cobo et al, 2002(Cobo et al, , 2007Greenwell et al, 2008;Ondrak, 2010;Perez et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Infected cows often mount an immune response that is effective in clearing T. foetus from reproductive tissues (Cobo et al, 2002;Ondrak, 2010); however, they can act as a source of infection for unaffected bulls in the herd if re-bred before the organisms are eliminated (Kennedy et al, 2008). There are no approved treatments that will clear the infection once it is established; consequently, control involves the recognition and rapid removal of infected animals from the herd, and is the best way to minimize losses due to T. foetus (Cobo et al, 2002;Ondrak, 2010;Perez et al, 2006;Rodning et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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