Height and Weight Change Across Menarche of Schoolgirls With Early Menarche

Chang, Shun‐Fu; Tzeng, Shinn-Jia; Cheng, Jung-Yu; Chie, Wei‐Chu

doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.9.880

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, at 15 years, the three menarcheal age groups became similarly tall. Consistently with other reports (11,38,39) , these observations reflect advanced pubertal development in EM girls early in childhood, raising the possibility that these girls may become shorter than their peers after reaching adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Leitão

Rodrigues²,

Neves

et al. 2013

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have investigated different possibilities, such as the height (11) or the chemical pollution hypotheses (12) . The association between fatness and age at menarche has long been proposed (13) , with the rise in the prevalence of obesity being considered responsible for early sexual maturation in girls (14,15) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Leitão

Rodrigues²,

Neves

et al. 2013

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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“…The age at peak growth is one year earlier than menarche on average [28] and was associated with increased breast cancer risk in a large Danish study [20]. Age at which adult height was reached is correlated with age at peak growth [29,30] and, unlike age at peak growth, it can be ascertained by recall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of pubertal stages and breast cancer risk: the Breakthrough Generations Study

et al. 2014

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IntroductionBreast development and hormonal changes at puberty might affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological analyses have focussed largely on age at menarche and not at other pubertal stages.MethodsWe investigated associations between the timing of pubertal stages and breast cancer risk using data from a cohort study of 104,931 women (Breakthrough Generations Study, UK, 2003–2013). Pubertal variables were reported retrospectively at baseline. Breast cancer risk was analysed using Cox regression models with breast cancer diagnosis as the outcome of interest, attained age as the underlying time variable, and adjustment for potentially confounding variables.ResultsDuring follow-up (mean = 4.1 years), 1094 breast cancers (including ductal carcinoma in situ) occurred. An increased breast cancer risk was associated with earlier thelarche (age when breast growth begins; HR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.02, 1.48], 1 [referent] and 0.80 [0.69, 0.93] for ≤10, 11–12 and ≥13 years respectively), menarche (initiation of menses; 1.06 [0.93, 1.21], 1 [referent] and 0.78 [0.62, 0.99] for ≤12, 13–14 and ≥15 years), regular periods (0.99 [0.83, 1.18], 1 [referent] and 0.74 [0.59, 0.92] for ≤12, 13–14 and ≥15 years) and age reached adult height (1.25 [1.03, 1.52], 1 [referent] and 1.07 [0.87, 1.32] for ≤14, 15–16 and ≥17 years), and with increased time between thelarche and menarche (0.87 [0.65, 1.15], 1 [referent], 1.14 [0.96, 1.34] and 1.27 [1.04, 1.55] for <0, 0, 1 and ≥2 years), and shorter time between menarche and regular periods (1 [referent], 0.87 [0.73, 1.04] and 0.66 [0.50, 0.88] for 0, 1 and ≥2 years). These associations were generally similar when considered separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.ConclusionsBreast duct development may be a time of heightened susceptibility to risk of carcinogenesis, and greater attention needs to be given to the relation of breast cancer risk to the different stages of puberty.

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“…Although these measures were assessed at the girl's current age, which for 18.6% of the sample was post-menarche, the use of broad categories (overweight vs. normal/underweight and 3 height groups) rather than individual specific percentiles reduced the likelihood that their index changed after achieving menarche. Studies have found that BMI and height are not greater for up to 4 yrs post-menarche for girls with early menarche compared with those with later menarche [68], [69] and that BMI is affected by other pubertal markers but not menarcheal status among adolescent girls [70]. Others have shown that greater height and BMI are evident in early menarcheal girls pre- but not post-menarche [22], that body fat does not change with menarcheal status among peri-menarcheal girls [71], and that girls are likely to stay in their same percentile of fatness as they mature [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Intake and Total Dairy Consumption: Associations with Early Menarche in NHANES 1999-2004

Wiley

2011

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundSeveral components of dairy products have been linked to earlier menarche.Methods/FindingsThis study assessed whether positive associations exist between childhood milk consumption and age at menarche or the likelihood of early menarche (<12 yrs) in a U.S sample. Data derive from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. Two samples were utilized: 2657 women age 20–49 yrs and 1008 girls age 9–12 yrs. In regression analysis, a weak negative relationship was found between frequency of milk consumption at 5–12 yrs and age at menarche (daily milk intake β = −0.32, P<0.10; “sometimes/variable milk intake” β = −0.38, P<0.06, each compared to intake rarely/never). Cox regression yielded no greater risk of early menarche among those who drank milk “sometimes/varied” or daily vs. never/rarely (HR: 1.20, P<0.42, HR: 1.25, P<0.23, respectively). Among the 9–12 yr olds, Cox regression indicated that neither total dairy kcal, calcium and protein, nor daily milk intake in the past 30 days contributed to early menarche. Girls in the middle tertile of milk intake had a marginally lower risk of early menarche than those in the highest tertile (HR: 0.6, P<0.06). Those in the lowest tertiles of dairy fat intake had a greater risk of early menarche than those in the highest (HR: 1.5, P<0.05, HR: 1.6, P<0.07, lowest and middle tertile, respectively), while those with the lowest calcium intake had a lower risk of early menarche (HR: 0.6, P<0.05) than those in the highest tertile. These relationships remained after adjusting for overweight or overweight and height percentile; both increased the risk of earlier menarche. Blacks were more likely than Whites to reach menarche early (HR: 1.7, P<0.03), but not after controlling for overweight.ConclusionsThere is some evidence that greater milk intake is associated with an increased risk of early menarche, or a lower age at menarche.

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Height and Weight Change Across Menarche of Schoolgirls With Early Menarche

Abstract: The results support the hypothesis that height velocity reaches a peak 1 year before menarche but height velocity stopped increasing within 1 year after menarche. The change in weight velocity reveals no obvious growth spurt at age of menarcheal onset.

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Timing of pubertal stages and breast cancer risk: the Breakthrough Generations Study

Milk Intake and Total Dairy Consumption: Associations with Early Menarche in NHANES 1999-2004

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