Heliospheric Response to Different Possible Interstellar Environments

Müller, Hans-Reinhard; Frisch, P. C.; Florinski, V.; Zank, G. P.

doi:10.1086/505588

Cited by 85 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Even a moderate increase in the relative velocities of the Sun and surrounding interstellar cloud from the present 25.4 km s −1 LIC velocity [133,142] to 45 km s −1 (such as found for the cloud named "Vela" by Redfield and Linsky 2008, [122]) leads to a decrease of the heliopause distance by 34% percent from 104 AU to 69 AU [3]. Interactions between the heliosphere and an evolving superbubble at different velocities leads to different configurations for the heliosphere.…”

Section: Impact Of Supernova On Heliospherementioning

confidence: 63%

“…It was recognized long ago that extreme variations in the physical properties of interstellar material interacting with the solar system would probably affect the terrestrial climate [1,205,206,207,208,209,3]. These effects are mediated by the interaction between the heliosphere and interstellar medium [210,207,3,208,211,212]. The 18 km s −1 motion of the solar system through the LSR and the 7-47 km s −1 LSR velocities of nearby interstellar clouds [121] lead to variations in the heliospheric boundary conditions over geological timescales of order ≤ 30 kyr [213].…”

Section: Impact Of Supernova On Heliospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearby supernovae occur at rates that are larger than the galactic average due to the solar location inside of Gould's Belt. The flux of galactic cosmic rays into the terrestrial atmosphere depends on the response of the heliosphere to the ambient interstellar medium [2,3]. Geologic records indicate that cosmic rays from supernova have penetrated to the surface of the Earth [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Frisch¹,

Dwarkadas²

2016

Handbook of Supernovae

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A range of astronomical data indicates that ancient supernovae created the galactic environment of the Sun and sculpted the physical properties of the interstellar medium near the heliosphere. In this paper we review the characteristics of the local interstellar medium that have been affected by supernovae. The kinematics, magnetic field, elemental abundances, and configuration of the nearest interstellar material support the view that the Sun is at the edge of the Loop I superbubble, which has merged into the low density Local Bubble. The energy source for the higher temperature X-ray emitting plasma pervading the Local Bubble is uncertain. Winds from massive stars and nearby supernovae, perhaps from the Sco-Cen Association, may have contributed radioisotopes found in the geologic record and galactic cosmic ray population. Nested supernova shells in the Orion and Sco-Cen regions suggest spatially distinct sites of episodic star formation. The heliosphere properties vary with the pressure of the surrounding interstellar cloud. A nearby supernova would modify this pressure equilibrium and thereby severely disrupt the heliosphere as well as the local interstellar medium.

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Section: Impact Of Supernova On Heliospherementioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Impact Of Supernova On Heliospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Frisch¹,

Dwarkadas²

2016

Handbook of Supernovae

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“…A&A 557, A125 (2013) coronal plasma as the solar wind (mostly protons and electrons with frozen-in magnetic field), it inflates a bubble in the interstellar medium: the heliosphere, which effectively shields the LISM plasma from a region >100 AU around the Sun. That interaction determines the shape and structure of the heliosphere (e.g., Müller et al 2006), which is one of the major scientific objectives of IBEX (McComas et al 2009a). The behaviour of interstellar neutrals interacting with the heliosphere can be directly measured and thus provides the best paradigm for modelling and understanding the interplanetary environments of astrospheres (Fahr 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of direct detection of interstellar deuterium in the local interstellar medium by IBEX

Moreno

Würz

Saul

et al. 2013

A&A

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We report the first in situ measurements of neutral deuterium originating in the local interstellar medium (LISM) in Earth's orbit. These measurements were performed with the IBEX-Lo camera on NASA's interstellar boundary explorer (IBEX) satellite. All data from the spring observation periods of 2009 through 2011 have been analysed. In the three years of the IBEX mission time, the observation geometry and orbit allowed for a total observation time of 115.3 days for the LISM. However, the effects of the spinning spacecraft and the stepping through 8 energy channels mean that we are only observing the interstellar wind for a total time of 1.44 days, in which 2 counts for interstellar deuterium were collected. We report here a conservative number, because a possibility of systematic error or additional noise, though eliminated in our analysis to the best of our knowledge, only supports detection at a 1-sigma level. From these observations, we derive a ratio D/H = 5.8 ± 4.4 × 10 −4 at 1 AU. After modelling the transport and loss of D and H from the termination shock to Earth's orbit, we find that our result of D/H LISM = 1.6 ± 1.2 × 10 −5 agrees with D/H LIC = 1.6 ± 0.4 × 10 −5 for the local interstellar cloud. This weak interstellar signal is extracted from a strong terrestrial background signal consisting of sputter products from the sensor's conversion surface. As reference, we accurately measure the terrestrial D/H ratio in these sputtered products and then discriminate this terrestrial background source. Because of the diminishing D and H signal at Earth's orbit during the rising solar activity due to photoionisation losses and increased photon pressure, our result demonstrates that in situ measurements of interstellar deuterium in the inner heliosphere are only possible during solar minimum conditions.

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“…Once we know the physical properties of this flow, we will know the past and future galactic environment of the Sun. Extreme variations in the properties of the interstellar medium surrounding the Sun will have an extreme effect on the heliosphere, the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) onto the Earth, and possibly the terrestrial climate (Müller et al 2006;Frisch 2006). IBEX will provide key observations of the heliosphere response to our galactic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Galactic Environment of the Sun: Interstellar Material Inside and Outside of the Heliosphere

et al. 2009

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Interstellar material (ISMa) is observed both inside and outside of the heliosphere. Relating these diverse sets of ISMa data provides a richer understanding of both the interstellar medium and the heliosphere. The galactic environment of the Sun is dominated by warm, low-density, partially ionized interstellar material consisting of atoms and dust grains. The properties of the heliosphere are dependent on the pressure, composition, radiation field, ionization, and magnetic field of ambient ISMa. The very low-density interior of the Local Bubble, combined with an expanding superbubble shell associated with star formation in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association, dominate the properties of the local interstellar medium (LISM). Once the heliosphere boundaries and interaction mechanisms are understood, interstellar gas, dust, pickup ions, and anomalous cosmic rays inside of the heliosphere can be directly compared to ISMa outside of the heliosphere. Our understanding of ISMa at the Sun is further enriched when the circumheliospheric interstellar material is compared to observations of other nearby ISMa and the overall context of our galactic environment. The IBEX mission will map the interaction region between the heliosphere and ISMa, and improve the accuracy of comparisons between ISMa inside and outside the heliosphere.

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Heliospheric Response to Different Possible Interstellar Environments

Cited by 85 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Evidence of direct detection of interstellar deuterium in the local interstellar medium by IBEX

The Galactic Environment of the Sun: Interstellar Material Inside and Outside of the Heliosphere

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