Helminthic Infection and Nutritional Studies among Orang Asli Children in Sekolah Kebangsaan Pos Legap, Perak

Kin, Wong Weng; Foo, Phiaw Chong; M, Roze; Pim, C D; Subramaniam, Puvaneswari; Lim, Boon Huat

doi:10.1155/2016/1326085

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A total of 30 helminth-only [38,39,41–44,47,48,51–56,58,63,64,68,70,72,73,76–79,81–84] and 18 helminth-intestinal protozoa [47,53,86–92,95,97,101,102,110,112,113,116,119] studies provided categorical data concerning the number of parasites in each host and were evaluated using the Janovy model. Twenty studies demonstrated significantly different observed frequency distributions of infection compared to the frequency of host infection expected in each host class if infections were independent events for helminth-only studies, while ten studies demonstrated significant differences in these distributions for helminth-intestinal protozoa studies (Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

2019

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Background Individual helminth infections are ubiquitous in the tropics; geographical overlaps in endemicity and epidemiological reports suggest areas endemic for multiple helminthiases are also burdened with high prevalences of intestinal protozoan infections, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite this, pathogens tend to be studied in isolation, and there remains a need for a better understanding of the community ecology and health consequences of helminth polyparasitism to inform the design of effective parasite control programs. Methodology We performed meta-analyses to (i) evaluate the commonality of polyparasitism for helminth-helminth, helminth-intestinal protozoa, helminth-malaria, helminth-TB, and helminth-HIV co-infections, (ii) assess the potential for interspecies interactions among helminth-helminth and helminth-intestinal protozoan infections, and (iii) determine the presence and magnitude of association between specific parasite pairs. Additionally, we conducted a review of reported health consequences of multiply-infected individuals compared to singly- or not multiply-infected individuals. Principal findings We found that helminth-helminth and helminth-intestinal protozoan multiple infections were significantly more common than single infections, while individuals with malaria, TB, and HIV were more likely to be singly-infected with these infections than co-infected with at least one helminth. Most observed species density distributions significantly differed from the expected distributions, suggesting the potential presence of interspecies interactions. All significant associations between parasite pairs were positive in direction, irrespective of the combination of pathogens. Polyparasitized individuals largely exhibited lower hemoglobin levels and higher anemia prevalence, while the differences in growth-related variables were mostly statistically insignificant. Conclusions Our findings confirm that helminth polyparasitism and co-infection with major diseases is common in the tropics. A multitude of factors acting at various hierarchical levels, such as interspecies interactions at the within-host infra-parasite community level and environmental variables at the higher host community level, could explain the observed positive associations between pathogens; there remains a need to develop new frameworks which can consider these multilevel factors to better understand the processes structuring parasite communities to accomplish their control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

2019

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“…where z = 1.96; p = proportion of the population infected = 0.5 [10]; d = level of significance = 0.05. Assuming a non-response rate of 5%, the targeted sampling size was 384/ 0.05 = 404.…”

Section: Sampling Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Malaysia, geohelminthiasis is considered endemic, with the most common STH being Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm [8]. Although the living standards of the Malaysian rural communities and indigenous people have been upgraded with better facilities through the government's efforts, high incidences of geohelminthiasis are still being reported [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of geohelminthiasis among the rural village children in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia

Lim-Leroy

Chua

2020

PLoS ONE

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Geohelminthiasis is a worldwide problem, especially in low-income countries. Children from rural areas and those living in poverty, lacking basic health amenities and having poor environmental sanitation are likely to be affected. Adverse effects such as anemia, protein malnutrition, colitis are common which can affect both the children's physical and mental growing development. A cross-sectional study on geohelminthiasis was conducted among children from 238 households in 13 villages in Kota Marudu of northern Sabah, East Malaysia. The study involved interviewing villagers using questionnaires to collect demographic and socioeconomic data, getting faecal samples from the children, collecting soil samples and identifying parasite eggs with microscopy and molecular methods. A total of 407 children (6 months-17 years old) enrolled in the study. Geohelminthiasis was detected in the faecal samples of children from 54% (7/13) of the villages with mean prevalence of infection per village of 9.0% (0%-34.9%). On a household basis, 18% (43/238) of the households sampled had infected children, with mean prevalence rate per household of 11% (0%-43%). The prevalence was for Ascaris lumbricoides: 9.6% (39/407), Trichuris trichiura: 2.7% (11/ 407) and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma sp.): 2.7% (11/407). The overall mean infection rate of the children examined was 14.3%. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded for the children of mothers who did not have any formal education (p = 0.003); household income of less than USD119 (RM500) (p<0.001); children from homes without proper sanitation facilities (p<0.001); children who usually go about barefoot (p<0.001) and not washing feet before entering the house (p = 0.017). Soil samples were found to have geohelminth eggs or larvae which could be due to unhygienic sanitation practices. This study shows the geohelminthiasis is prevalent in the villages, and the risk factors are lack of maternal education, low income, poor sanitation facilities and irregular deworming practice. Expanding deworming coverage in the study region may help reduce the worm infections in these communities, so that the mental and physical development of the children would not be affected by geohelminthiasis. The data on the prevalence of geohelminthiasis in this study would contribute to better public health monitoring and operation to reduce the infection in rural areas.

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“…[3][4][5][6] High intensity of STH infections in children showed negative impact on the nutritional status as infected children have decreased food intake, malabsorption, and poor food digestion. 7 The present study was done to determine the prevalence of various helminthes, the symptomatology and clinical manifestations of various helminthes and to correlate the nutritional status with the type of helminthic infestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlation of soil transmitted helminth infection to the degree of anemia and nutritional status among pediatric patients of age group 6-14 years in Kishanganj, Bihar, India

Kumar

Singh

Kumar

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are among the most common chronic infections worldwide mainly in low and middle income countries. 1 Helminthic infestations are infamous among children in rural areas such as aborigine settlements associated with substandard sanitation system and low socioeconomic status. Among young, in tropical and subtropical regions in particular, these constitute a major health problem. The three common STH species ABSTRACT Background: Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, affecting the physical growth and cognitive development in school age children. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of various helminthes, the symptomatology and clinical manifestations of various helminthes and to correlate the nutritional status with the type of helminthic infestation. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving children aged 6-14 years attending pediatric outpatient department in MGM Medical College, Kishanganj who were screened to estimate the prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes. Results: Out of the 500 children examined, 275 children were positive for one or other helminthic ova in the stool samples giving overall incidence of 55 %. Ascariasis was most common with 58.2% among all the positive cases, hookworm 7.3%, trichuris trichura 14.5%, hymenolepsis nana 3.6%, taenia saginata 1.8% while mixed infestations constitute 14.5%. There was no significant association of gender and infestation (p value >0.05). Patients on nonvegetarian diet were more prone to get infested (Chi-square value = 19.48, p value<0.05). Children with low socio economic status were more likely to have intestinal parasites (Chi-square value = 63.32, p value<0.05). Out of the 275 children with helminthic infestation, 150 children were found anaemic. Out of the 160 children positive for ascariasis, 110 children were anaemic (68.80%). Mild degree of anemia had statically more significant association with ascariasis, Hookworm infestation and mixed infestation in comparison to moderate to severe anemia (p value<0.05). Poor nutritional status was found significantly associated with risk of worm infestations (Chi-square value = 243.48, p value <0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the results similar to other studies of various authors all over India regarding helminthic infestation with respect to epidemiology, clinical manifestations and relation with nutritional status. Helminthic infestations can be brought down by simple measures such as mass education, good personal hygiene, proper and safe disposal of faecal wastes, proper sanitation, and clean eating habits and by periodic deworming of children.

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Helminthic Infection and Nutritional Studies among Orang Asli Children in Sekolah Kebangsaan Pos Legap, Perak

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

Prevalence and risk factors of geohelminthiasis among the rural village children in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia

Prevalence and correlation of soil transmitted helminth infection to the degree of anemia and nutritional status among pediatric patients of age group 6-14 years in Kishanganj, Bihar, India

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