Helpful family climate moderates the relationship between perceived family support of ADHD symptoms and depression: a conditional process model

Abstract

Background Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly comorbid with depression This study aimed to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms and depression through perceived family support and to explore whether the magnitude of the relationship depended on the type of family climate of medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 first year medical students in Thailand. Participants completed questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, depression, perceived family support, and 9 types of family climate. The questionnaires included the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and revised Thai Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Mediational analysis was adopted to examine the mediating role of perceived family support in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and depression, while moderation analysis was applied to examine the extent of the relationship depending on family climate. Results The relationship between ADHD symptoms and depression was moderate. Perceived family support partially mediated this relationship after controlling for age and sex. Among the types of family climate, only helpful family climate was a significant moderator of perceived family support and depression. The moderated mediation model increased the variance in depression from 17% by the mediation model to 21%. However, follow-up conditional mediational analysis showed that the indirect effect of ADHD symptoms on depression via perceived family support was not significant and that this effect did not vary linearly as a function of helpful family climate. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that poor family support might be one risk of developing depression in the context of ADHD symptoms. Further study on providing intervention concerning family support among those with ADHD symptoms should be warranted. In addition, a study on helpful family climate in a larger sample size, in other populations, and in a longitudinal fashion for a more robust conclusion is encouraged.

Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety among college students during the re-emergence of COVID-19: Mediation effects of cognitive emotion regulation and moderation effects of family function

“…College students were most likely to show anxiety symptoms when the epidemic re-emerged if low family function. Similar to the interaction effect between perceived family support and depression, where helpful family climate significantly moderated, family function moderated negative mood symptoms ( Pojanapotha et al, 2021 ). Psychological counsellors could learn from our research on the importance of family function.…”

Parent-Child Communication and Educational Anxiety: A Longitudinal Analysis Based on the Common Fate Model

“…Bronfenbrenner (2005), in his ecosystem theory, states that the family ecosystem is the system that has the most direct and microscopic impact on the growth of an individual. In a family, the experiences of different members interact with each other, which in turn co-constructs the entire family climate (Pojanapotha et al, 2021;Ostovarfar et al, 2023). This interaction not only affects the family climate, but also has an impact on each member's personal development and trajectory of change (Buelga et al, 2017).…”

Family social climate and its relationship with Attention Deficit Disorder in students

“…Así mismo es importante mencionar los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones de los autores Amado & Jarque [11] quienes en sus resultados evidenciaron la superioridad de la intervención multimodal con la finalidad de mejorar las distintas variables de clima familiar y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes , los hallazgos encontrados confirman la necesidad de los contextos significativos para que los estudiantes con déficit de atención puedan mejorar su calidad de vida, mientras que en el trabajo de investigación de los autores Pojanapotha et al, [12] en los resultados se obtuvo que la déficit de atención y la depresión fue de tipo moderada , siendo el apoyo del núcleo familiar percibido de manera parcial, en este tipo de relación, se concluyó que el apoyo familiar deficiente podría ser el causante de desarrollar los síntomas del transtorno de déficit de atención, finalmente damos a conocer los resultados obtenidos en la investigación de Eray et al [13], donde se evidenció que hubo relaciones positivas significativas entre los problemas de transtorno de déficit de atención y el comportamiento de los adolescentes, así mismo se evidencio una relación negativa significativa entre las conductas sociales y emocionales expresadas en la investigación, todo ello ccomprueba la incidencia del clima social familiar en el rendimiento académico, sin embargo también se menciona que el apoyo familiar deficiente si podría incidir en el déficit de atención, lo que nos lleva a contrastar con los resultados obtenido en esta investigación , siendo importante realizar una investigación a mayor profundidad con estudiantes que tengan buenas calificaciones.…”