Hemangioma: Recent Advances

Abstract

Hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors that often present in childhood. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, and, when unclear, assisted with ultrasound or MRI. While the majority are small, nonproblematic, and can be managed conservatively, some hemangiomas may be associated with underlying syndromes or concerning for visceral involvement. Symptomatic lesions may develop ulceration, bleeding, vision disturbances, functional limitations, or disfigurement. The ideal treatment for a symptomatic hemangioma is often multimodal and may vary depending on the size, location, and proximity to critical structures. Medical treatments include topical beta blockers, oral propranolol, or steroid injections. Surgical resection and laser therapies may be necessary to optimize long term outcomes.

Tratamento de hemangiomas da região de cabeça e pescoço: revisão integrativa da literatura

“…O hemangioma infantil é uma neoplasia vascular benigna, caracterizada por proliferação celular aumentada ou malformação vascular, que está etiologicamente ligada a questões genéticas, prematuridade, idade materna avançada e traumas no local da lesão (DeHart & Richter, 2019;Satterfield & Chambers, 2019;Tiemann & Hein, 2020). Em relação a localização anatômica, hemangiomas costumam ser encontrados na região de cabeça e pescoço, subglote, trato gastrointestinal, coluna vertebral, e no caso de acometimento oral, as áreas mais afetadas são língua, lábios e mucosa jugal (Cardoso et al, 2010;Araújo Filho et al, 2013).…”

“…Considerado o tumor mais comum da infância, o hemangioma, usualmente, tem uma fase de crescimento rápida e intensa proliferação celular, seguida por um período de involução (Azma & Razaghi, 2018;DeHart & Richter, 2019). Desse modo, 90% dos casos sofrem remissão antes dos 9 anos de idade, ocorrendo em até 3% das crianças (Queiroz et al, 2014) e 5-10% dos casos surgem em crianças com até um ano de idade (Satterfield & Chambers, 2019;Tiemann & Hein, 2020).…”

Knockdown of lncRNA MEG8 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, but promotes cell apoptosis in hemangioma, via miR‑203‑induced mediation of the Notch signaling pathway

“…A hemangioma is a common benign vascular tumor that often occurs in childhood and more frequently affects females ( 1 ). Hemangiomas typically follow a characteristic pattern of a proliferative growth phase, followed by a slow involuting phase, during which the majority of hemangiomas stop growing and begin to shrink ( 2 ).…”

Primary thyroid hemangioma: a case report and literature review

“…Hemangioma is a benign vascular neoplasm characterized by capillary proliferation, which is more common in children with a prevalence of 4-5% [1]. Hemangiomas are more likely to be present in the head and neck region (65% of cases) and may occur in any organ of the body, such as the skin, subcutaneous tissue, tongue, brain, and liver, but are extremely rare in the thyroid gland [2]. Most cases of thyroid hemangiomas are secondary to neck procedures such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or neck trauma that results from the formation of a hematoma [3].…”

“…It is more common in children and is generally congenital [6]. Another important point is that hemangiomas are more common in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and hemangiomas of the thyroid gland are uncommon [2]. Also, thyroid hemangioma is more common secondary to previous neck procedures, so primary thyroid hemangioma is extremely rare and few cases have been reported in the literature.…”