Hematobiochemical and pathological alterations due to chronic chlorpyrifos intoxication in indigenous chicken

Abstract

Objective:The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in indigenous chicken.Materials and Methods:The birds were divided into two groups I and II. Group I served as control and group II was treated with CPF (0.36 mg/kg) orally daily up to 12 weeks. Blood samples were assayed for hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, and biochemical constituents like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholinesterase (CHE), total protein and uric acid. Representative pieces of tissues from liver and kidney were collected weekly for histopathological examination.Results:A significant (P < 0.01) increase of Hb, TEC, TLC, and heterophil percent and decrease of lymphocyte percent was observed. Serum ALP, AST, ALT, and uric acid increased significantly and CHE values decreased significantly in CPF treated birds. The protein level remained similar. Uric acid level was found to be increased significantly in the treated group. The results indicate that chronic CPF intoxication produces hematological, biochemical, and pathological changes in treated birds.

Effect of endosulfan on immunological competence of layer birds

“…The continuous use of pesticides even in normal recommended doses may cause deleterious effect on the physiological functions [ 5 - 8 ] that may range from lower immunity of flock [ 9 , 10 ] to decrease production performances [ 11 ]. The lower immune competence in animals and birds due to environmental pollutant may lead to increase susceptibility [ 12 , 13 ], occurrence of reinfection, epidemics of disease [ 5 , 14 , 15 ], and vaccine failures [ 16 ] causing serious economic losses and thereby hampering the purpose of raising animals and birds. Hematological, biochemical, and pathological effect of chronic exposure to insecticides were also evaluated in indigenous chickens [ 17 - 20 ].…”

Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

“…These results are in consistence with those obtained by Goel et al (2000) who reported significant increase in the activity of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase by chlorpyrifos in rats. Begum et al (2015) recorded significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and uric acid and significant decrease in cholinesterase values in chlorpyrifos-treated indigenous chicken. Protective actions of other materials comparable to that provided by ginseng were demonstrated by many investigators.…”

How safe is the use of chlorpyrifos: Revelations through its effect on layer birds

“…The continuous use of pesticides even in normal recommended doses may cause deleterious effect on the physiological functions [ 14 - 16 ] that may range from lower immunity of flock [ 17 , 18 ] to decreased production performances. The lower immune competence in animals and birds due to environmental pollutant may lead to increase susceptibility [ 19 , 20 ], occurrence of re-infection, epidemics of disease [ 5 , 21 , 22 ], and vaccine failures [ 6 ] causing serious economic losses and thereby hampering the purpose of raising animals and birds.…”