Hematological Profiles and Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Among Patients Admitted at Debre Markos Isolation and Treatment Center, 2020: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is coronavirus isolated from SARS patients. As far as the researchers' knowledge, there was paucity of studies conducted in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. As immune protection is arisen from our blood cells, assessing their level will provide a clue for controlling the disease and monitoring the prognosis. This study will also provide additional information for clinical intervention and patient management. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the hematological profile and clinical outcome of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among patients admitted to the Debre Markos Isolation and Treatment Center (DMITC). Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 136 COVID-19 adult patients at DMITC from January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2021. Data related to clinical, hematological profiles and socio-demographic factors were collected, entered into Epi data, and analyzed using STATA 14.2 software. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the predictor variable and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 136 COVID-19 patients, 28.68% had died. The mean age of patients was 47.21±1.29 years. The hematological profile of the patients revealed that 28% had abnormal leukocyte, 23% abnormal lymphocyte, 44.85% abnormal granulocyte, 22.06% abnormal monocyte, 30.15% abnormal RBC and 87% abnormal platelet counts. The prevalence of anemia was 13.24%. Conclusion: Leukocytosis (mainly granulocytosis and monocytosis) and lymphopenia, were the predominant abnormal findings of complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis of the patient's blood. Most of the patients had abnormally low platelet counts. RBC count and hematocrit determination were the only significant predictors of death. The clinician could manage cases according to the hematological findings of the patients. Further experimental studies should be conducted to determine hematological parameter changes and the clinical outcome of the disease.

The influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the immune system elements and on the placental structure. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical study

“…Severe cytopenia was more frequent in patients with severe symptoms than in those with moderate conditions [ 55 ]. Another study conducted in Debre Markos Isolation and Treatment Center, Ethiopia, reported that leukocytosis and lymphopenia were the predominant hematological abnormalities in COVID-19 patients [ 56 ].…”

Exploring Hematological Parameters and Their Prognostic Value in Adult COVID-19 Patients: Insights from Mogadishu, Somalia

“…The authors in [ 7 ] discovered that diabetic, hypertensive, asthmatic, and cardiac comorbidities accounted for 68%, 73%, 35%, and 3%, respectively. In addition [ 10 ], they discovered diabetes (12.50%), hypertension (20.59%), asthma (8.09%), and cardiac issue (30.88%). The study carried out by the authors in [ 11 ] identified hypertension (19% versus 23.2%), diabetes (9% versus 10.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (3% versus 8.6%), and cardiovascular disease (6% versus 1.8%).…”

Prediction equations for detecting COVID-19 infection using basic laboratory parameters

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