Hematology, plasma biochemistry, and trace element reference values for free-ranging adult Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Gallo, Luciana; Vanstreels, Ralph Eric Thijl; Cook, Robert A.; Karesh, William B.; Uhart, Marcela

doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02467-7

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…All sampled penguins were adult-plumaged, were not molting, appeared to be healthy, and were either resting in the colony or sitting on nests with chicks (Gallo et al 2019). Penguins were selected randomly for sampling in 100 m radius areas across different habitat types given known variations in nest density and reproductive success (Rebstock et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Survey for Select Infectious Agents in Wild Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus Magellanicus) in Argentina, 1994–2008

Uhart

Vanstreels

Gallo

et al. 2020

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Survey for Select Infectious Agents in Wild Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus Magellanicus) in Argentina, 1994–2008

Uhart

Vanstreels

Gallo

et al. 2020

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Studies reporting sex differences in these two leucocyte lines in birds are scarce. Variation in levels of eosinophils are attributed to different levels of infection by gastrointestinal parasites in birds 65 , 66 , and sex differences in macrophage gene expression associated to the sex chromosomes have been reported in chicken 67 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in sex-specific immunity in wild birds

Valdebenito

Halimubieke

Lendvai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Whilst the immune system often varies seasonally and exhibits differences between males and females, the general patterns in seasonality and sex differences across taxa have remained controversial. Birds are excellent model organisms to assess these patterns, because the immune system of many species is well characterised. We conducted a meta-analysis using 41 wild bird species from 24 avian families to investigate sex differences and seasonal (breeding/non-breeding) variations in immune status, including white blood cell counts, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) test, bacteria-killing ability (BKA), haemolysis and haemagglutination assays. We found male-biased macrophage concentration, BKA and haemolysis titers, but only during the breeding season. Sex-specific heterophil concentrations, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios and PHA responses differed between breeding and non-breeding, suggesting larger changes in males than in females. Importantly, sex differences in immune status are stronger during the breeding period than during the non-breeding period. Taken together, our study suggests that both seasonal variation and sex differences in immune system are common in birds, although their associations are more complex than previously thought.

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“…Included studies were conducted in 56 different countries (Figure 1 ). Three studies had 2 study sites (Gallo et al., 2019 ; Girling et al., 2015 ; Grasman et al., 2000 ). Studies conducted in Costa Rica were most represented (78 studies/M km 2 ), followed by studies conducted in Ecuador (36 studies/M km 2 ), Denmark (24 studies/M km 2 ), Slovakia (21 studies/M km 2 ), and the United Kingdom (21 studies/M km 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies included in the analysis (n=261) were conducted in 56 different countries (Fig. 1), with three studies having two study site locations (Gallo et al 2019;Girling et al 2015;Grasman et al 2000). We assessed the representation of publications based on the size (i.e., million square This article is protected by copyright.…”

Section: Geographic Focus Of Health Assessment Studies: Distribution mentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of health assessments for conservation in noncaptive wildlife

Kophamel

Illing

Ariel

et al. 2021

Conservation Biology

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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Wildlife health assessments help identify populations at risk of starvation, disease, and decline from anthropogenic impacts on natural habitats. Here, we provide an overview of available health assessment studies in non-captive vertebrates, and propose a framework to strategically integrate health assessments in population monitoring. Using a systematic approach, we performed a thorough assessment of studies examining multiple health parameters of non-captive vertebrate species from 1982 to 2020 (n=261). We quantified trends in study design and diagnostic methods across taxa. We found a spatial mismatch between biodiversity hotspots and study location. Only 35% of studies involved international or cross-border collaboration. IUCN Red List non-threatened species represented 49% of species assessed, a trend likely associated with the regional focus of most studies. We identified a critical need for using statistically adequate sample sizes for studies establishing reference ranges, and strongly suggest following strict protocols when planning the study design. The main health assessment methods used across all taxa were blood analysis (89%), body composition assessment methods (81%), physical examination (72%) and faecal analysis (24% of studies). Based on our findings, we propose a conceptual framework for improved design and standardization for quality wildlife health assessments. Integrating a physiological and ecological understanding of species resilience towards threatening processes will enable informed decision making regarding the conservation of threatened species.

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Hematology, plasma biochemistry, and trace element reference values for free-ranging adult Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Serological Survey for Select Infectious Agents in Wild Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus Magellanicus) in Argentina, 1994–2008

Serological Survey for Select Infectious Agents in Wild Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus Magellanicus) in Argentina, 1994–2008

Seasonal variation in sex-specific immunity in wild birds

Importance of health assessments for conservation in noncaptive wildlife

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