Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to self-paced and ramp-graded exercise testing protocols

Beltz, Nicholas M.; Amorim, Fabiano T.; Gibson, Ann L.; Janot, Jeffrey M.; Kravitz, Len; Mermier, Christine M.; Cole, Nathan; Moriarty, Terence; Nuñez, Tony P.; Trigg, Sam; Dalleck, Lance C.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0608

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…During studies selection, we did not define the criteria for the VO2max measurement protocol due to the high variability of the currently described methods. Nevertheless, according to the current literature, different testing protocols were applied for runners and cyclists [48][49][50][51]. Similar values of VO 2max were observed, which suggests that it is possible to provide an exact comparison between them.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 85%

External validation of VO2max prediction models based on recreational and elite endurance athletes

et al. 2023

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In recent years, numerous prognostic models have been developed to predict VO2max. Nevertheless, their accuracy in endurance athletes (EA) stays mostly unvalidated. This study aimed to compare predicted VO2max (pVO2max) with directly measured VO2max by assessing the transferability of the currently available prediction models based on their R2, calibration-in-the-large, and calibration slope. 5,260 healthy adult EA underwent a maximal exertion cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) (84.76% male; age 34.6±9.5 yrs.; VO2max 52.97±7.39 mL·min-1·kg-1, BMI 23.59±2.73 kg·m-2). 13 models have been selected to establish pVO2max. Participants were classified into four endurance subgroups (high-, recreational-, low- trained, and “transition”) and four age subgroups (18–30, 31–45, 46–60, and ≥61 yrs.). Validation was performed according to TRIPOD guidelines. pVO2max was low-to-moderately associated with direct CPET measurements (p>0.05). Models with the highest accuracy were for males on a cycle ergometer (CE) (Kokkinos R2 = 0.64), females on CE (Kokkinos R2 = 0.65), males on a treadmill (TE) (Wasserman R2 = 0.26), females on TE (Wasserman R2 = 0.30). However, selected models underestimated pVO2max for younger and higher trained EA and overestimated for older and lower trained EA. All equations demonstrated merely moderate accuracy and should only be used as a supplemental method for physicians to estimate CRF in EA. It is necessary to derive new models on EA populations to include routinely in clinical practice and sports diagnostic.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 85%

External validation of VO2max prediction models based on recreational and elite endurance athletes

et al. 2023

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“…Oxygen consumption was measured using a calibrated portable metabolic analyzer (as described above). All VO 2max testing was performed in a ramp fashion, previously described by Beltz et al 14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of two high-intensity circuit training protocols: Does sequence matter?

Nuñez

Amorim

Beltz

et al. 2020

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

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Background/objectiveThe integration of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and circuit weight training (CWT) is seamless and practical for meeting recommended exercise guidelines. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal combination of HIIT and CWT to elicit desired acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in variables such as energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa−), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment.MethodsFourteen trained males (25.7 ± 4.4 yr) completed two exercise protocols matched for volume and recovery periods. On one day, participants performed six HIIT bouts prior to three rounds of a nine exercise CWT protocol (HIC). The second day (separated by ≥ 72 h) consisted of three rounds of three mini-circuits (three exercises per circuit) integrated with three HIIT bouts between the first and second and second and third mini-circuits (TRI). VO2, HR, and EE were monitored throughout both protocols. EPOC for a 20-min duration, [BLa−] (five time points), RPE, and enjoyment were measured post-exercise.ResultsEnergy expenditure was significantly higher during the HIC compared to the TRI protocol (p = .012), as well as EPOC (p = .034). [BLa−] was significantly greater immediate-, 5min-, 10min- and 20min-post-exercise following HIC as compared to TRI. Mean values for HIC and TRI were similar (p > .05) for HR and RPE.ConclusionPerforming HIIT prior to CWT elicits a higher metabolic perturbation compared to the TRI protocol. Although a significant EE difference was detected between the two trials, the practical difference (∼20 kcal) between protocols indicates both protocols are similarly effective for caloric expenditure, metabolic and cardiorespiratory response.

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Nonparametric dynamical model of cardiorespiratory responses at the onset and offset of treadmill exercises

Naik

et al. 2018

Med Biol Eng Comput

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This paper applies a nonparametric modelling method with kernel-based regularization to estimate the carbon dioxide production during jogging exercises. The kernel selection and regularization strategies have been discussed; several commonly used kernels are compared regarding the goodness-of-fit, sensitivity, and stability. Based on that, the most appropriate kernel is then selected for the construction of the regularization term. Both the onset and offset of the jogging exercises are investigated. We compare the identified nonparametric models, which include both impulse response models and step response models for the two periods, as well as the relationship between oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. The result statistically indicates that the steady-state gain of the carbon dioxide production in the onset of exercise is bigger than that in the offset while the response time of both onset and offset are similar. Compared with oxygen consumption, the response speed of carbon dioxide production is slightly slower in both onset and offset period while its steady-state gains are similar for both periods. The effectiveness of the kernel-based method for the dynamic modelling of cardiorespiratory response to exercise is also well demonstrated. Graphical Abstract Comparison between VO and VCO during onset and offset of exercise.

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Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to self-paced and ramp-graded exercise testing protocols

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

External validation of VO2max prediction models based on recreational and elite endurance athletes

External validation of VO2max prediction models based on recreational and elite endurance athletes

Metabolic effects of two high-intensity circuit training protocols: Does sequence matter?

Nonparametric dynamical model of cardiorespiratory responses at the onset and offset of treadmill exercises

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