Hemolysis estimation in turbulent flow for the FDA critical path initiative centrifugal blood pump

Avcı, Mesude; Heck, Margaret; O’Rear, Edgar A.; Papavassiliou, Dimitrios V.

doi:10.1007/s10237-021-01471-3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Similarly, Jones found that hemolysis in turbulence corresponded to Kolmogorov length scales comparable to the size to the red blood cell [87]. Such results have been supported with computational work that indicated a direct correlation between the level of hemolysis and the size and persistence of KLS in different turbulent flow fields (jets, Couette viscometers and capillary channels) [7,[88][89][90]. The effects of mechanical trauma are also of interest to other cell types and cell pathologies.…”

Section: Cell Injury By Hydrodynamic Stressmentioning

confidence: 64%

Elongational Stresses and Cells

Foster

Papavassiliou

O’Rear

2021

Cells

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Fluid forces and their effects on cells have been researched for quite some time, especially in the realm of biology and medicine. Shear forces have been the primary emphasis, often attributed as being the main source of cell deformation/damage in devices like prosthetic heart valves and artificial organs. Less well understood and studied are extensional stresses which are often found in such devices, in bioreactors, and in normal blood circulation. Several microfluidic channels utilizing hyperbolic, abrupt, or tapered constrictions and cross-flow geometries, have been used to isolate the effects of extensional flow. Under such flow cell deformations, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and a variety of other cell types have been examined. Results suggest that extensional stresses cause larger deformation than shear stresses of the same magnitude. This has further implications in assessing cell injury from mechanical forces in artificial organs and bioreactors. The cells’ greater sensitivity to extensional stress has found utility in mechanophenotyping devices, which have been successfully used to identify pathologies that affect cell deformability. Further application outside of biology includes disrupting cells for increased food product stability and harvesting macromolecules for biofuel. The effects of extensional stresses on cells remains an area meriting further study.

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Section: Cell Injury By Hydrodynamic Stressmentioning

confidence: 64%

Elongational Stresses and Cells

Foster

Papavassiliou

O’Rear

2021

Cells

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“…6 The presence of secondary flow not only intensifies turbulence in the blood pump and affects pump hydraulic performance, but also collides with the main flow, generating high NPSS and leading to blood damage. 53,54 The secondary flow is slow in some regions (such as the back clearance and supporting ribs, etc. ), which increases the risk of blood pooling and thrombus formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of rotor configurations on hemodynamic features, hemocompatibility and dynamic balance of the centrifugal blood pump: A numerical study

Wang

et al. 2022

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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To investigate the effect of rotor design configuration on hemodynamic features, hemocompatibility and dynamic balance of blood pumps. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to investigate the effects of rotor type (closed impeller, semi‐open impeller), clearance height and back vanes on blood pump performance. In particular, the Eulerian hemolysis model based on a power‐law function and the Lagrangian thrombus model with integrated stress accumulation and residence time were applied to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the blood pump. This study shows that compared to the closed impeller, the semi‐open impeller can improve hemolysis at a slight sacrifice in head pressure, but increase the risk of thrombogenic potential and disrupt rotor dynamic balance. For the semi‐open impeller, the pressure head, hemolysis, and axial thrust of the blood pump decrease with increasing front clearance, and the risk of thrombosis increases first and then decreases with increasing front clearance. Variations in back clearance have little effect on pressure head, but larger on back clearance, worsens hemolysis, thrombogenic potential and rotor dynamic balance. The employment of back vanes has little effect on the pressure head. All back vanes configurations have an increased risk of hemolysis in the blood pump but are beneficial for the improvement of the rotor dynamic balance of the blood pump. Reasonable back vanes configuration (higher height, wider width, longer length and more number) decreases the flow separation, increases the velocity of blood in the back clearance, and reduces the risk of blood pooling and thrombosis. It was also found that hemolysis index (HI) was highly negatively correlated with pressure difference between the top and back clearances (r = −.87), and thrombogenic potential was positively correlated with pressure difference between the top and back clearances (r = .71). This study found that rotor type, clearance height, and back vanes significantly affect the hydraulic performance, hemocompatibility and rotor dynamic balance of centrifugal blood pumps through secondary flow. These parameters should be carefully selected when designing and optimizing centrifugal blood pumps for improving the blood pump clinical outcomes.

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“…The result shows that the hemolysis rate of HSMC hydrogel increases as the content OMCC in the HSMC hydrogel increases, with the maximum hemolysis rate, determined to be 3.76%. Crucially, the obtained hemolysis rate values were less than 5%, which was considered the threshold stipulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), indicating the HSMC hydrogel has good cell compatibility [54]. The cytocompatibility of HSMC hydrogel was further evaluated by culturing with HSF or HSFB for 24 h, as shown in Figure 5C.…”

Section: In Vitro Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%