Hemolytic, anticancer and antigiardial activity of Palythoa caribaeorum venom

Abstract

BackgroundCnidarian venoms and extracts have shown a broad variety of biological activities including cytotoxic, antibacterial and antitumoral effects. Most of these studied extracts were obtained from sea anemones or jellyfish. The present study aimed to determine the toxic activity and assess the antitumor and antiparasitic potential of Palythoa caribaeorum venom by evaluating its in vitro toxicity on several models including human tumor cell lines and against the parasite Giardia intestinalis.MethodsThe presence of cytolysins and vasoconstrictor activity of P. caribaeorum venom were determined by hemolysis, PLA2 and isolated rat aortic ring assays, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was tested on HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (human mammary adenocarcinoma), K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia), U251 (human glyoblastoma), PC-3 (human prostatic adenocarcinoma) and SKLU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma). An in vivo toxicity assay was performed with crickets and the antiparasitic assay was performed against G. intestinalis at 24 h of incubation.ResultsP. caribaeorum venom produced hemolytic and PLA2 activity and showed specific cytotoxicity against U251 and SKLU-1 cell lines, with approximately 50% growing inhibition. The venom was toxic to insects and showed activity against G. intestinalis in a dose-dependent manner by possibly altering its membrane osmotic equilibrium.ConclusionThese results suggest that P. caribaeorum venom contains compounds with potential therapeutic value against microorganisms and cancer.

Nomad Jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells

“…Similar inhibitory effects against HepG2 cells have been reported for other jellyfish species such as Nemopilema nomurai, Cyanea lamarckii, and Acromitus flagellates venoms [35,[37][38][39][40]. Interestingly, both Acromitus flagellates venom and Cyanea lamarckii extract share three to six protein bands with R. nomadica venom in their electrophoretic patterns [35,39]. A pore-forming toxin, CcTX-1 (31.17 KDa), is an isolated proteinaceous cytotoxin from Cyanea capillata jellyfish venom that exhibited potent inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells [41,42].…”

Cnidarian toxins: recent evidences for potential therapeutic uses

“…Two low molecular weight toxins named PpV9.4 and PpV19.4 have been isolated from Physalia physalis venom is reported with inhibitory action of insulinsecreting activity (Diaz-Garcia et al 2012). Further, Palythoa caribaeorum's venom was investigated by Lazcano-Pérez et al was considered as an anticancer compound, as its major inhibitory effect was observed on the glioblastoma cell line and human lung cancer cells (Lazcano-Pérez et al 2018). According to another study carried out by Mirshamsi et al, Cassiopea andromeda's crude venom selectively induced ROS mediated cytotoxicity by directly targeting mitochondria, isolated from cancer tissue of patients with breast adenocarcinomas (Mirshamsi et al 2017).…”

“…According to a recent study of Li et al (2012) a novel anti-oxidant protein was isolated from nematocyst extract of jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris that exhibited strong superoxide anion scavenging activity. Venom of Palythoa caribaeorum is contained peptides that show antiparasitic activity against Giardia intestinalis (Lazcano-Pérez et al 2018). Three different sea anemone toxins sticholysine I and II from Stichodactyla helianthus and equinatoxin II from Actinia equina were all found to specifically kill Giardia duodenalis and it can improve by combining with anti-Giardia antibodies (Tejuca et al 1999).…”

In vitro evaluation of the leishmanicidal potential of selected plant-derived extracts against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensi

“…The toxicity to red blood cells was determined as previously described with some modifications. 18 Briefly, erythrocytes were incubated with B. sulphurea, P. neochilus and amphotericin B at room temperature for 30 min and hemolysis was determined by the hemoglobin release, quantitated by the absorbance of the supernatants at 415nm. The percentage of lysis was calculated in relation to total lysis.…”