Hepatic Encephalopathy

Butterworth, Roger F.

doi:10.1002/9781119436812.ch48

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…43 The primary neurological impairments in HE include the destruction of psychomotor, neurocognitive deficits, and impaired motor function. 40,41 In the current study, we found that brain ammonia levels and some locomotor activity tests, including open-field behavior, rotarod test, and gait stride, were impaired in APAP-treated animals (Figures 1 and 3). These data could indicate a neurological deficit in APAP-treated animals.…”

supporting

confidence: 49%

“…HE is a severe clinical complication which needs urgent treatment to prevent permanent brain injury or patients' death. 40,41 Hence, finding new therapeutic approaches to protect the brain tissue in He is of great clinical value. The result of this study showed that a high dose of APAP in mice (1 g/kg, i.p) could be used as a model for studying HE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HE is a major CNS complication associated with liver diseases that are described by a wide range of symptoms, such as neurological and neuropsychological impairments. 40,41 Based on the International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) criteria, HE is classified into three types. 42 Type A of HE is associated with acute liver failure Figure 2 Histopathological liver examination of different doses of citicoline on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

<p>The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Citicoline in Hepatic Encephalopathy</p>

Farshad

Keshavarz

Heidari

et al. 2020

JEP

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supporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Citicoline in Hepatic Encephalopathy</p>

Farshad

Keshavarz

Heidari

et al. 2020

JEP

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“…Increased breath ammonia indicates several diseases, viz. kidney failure, liver dysfunction, 29 hepatic encephalopathy, swelling of brain, type-II Alzheimer's disease 30 etc. Increased ammonia in exhaled breath may also indicate peptic ulcer and halitosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

Das

Pal

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

313

220

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Exhaled human breath analysis is a very promising field of research work having great potential for diagnosis of diseases in non-invasive way. Breath analysis has attracted huge attention in the field of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring in the last two decades. VOCs/gases (Volatile Organic Compounds) in exhaled breath bear the finger-prints of metabolic and biophysical processes going on in human body. It’s a non-invasive, fast, non-hazardous, cost effective, and point of care process for disease state monitoring and environmental exposure assessment in human beings. Some VOCs/gases in exhaled breath are bio-markers of different diseases and their presence in excess amount is indicative of un-healthiness. Breath analysis has the potential for early detection of diseases. However, it is still underused and commercial device is yet not available owing to multiferrious challenges. This review is intended to provide an overview of major biomarkers (VOCs/gases) present in exhaled breath, importance of their analysis towards disease monitoring, analytical techniques involved, promising materials for breath analysis etc. Finally, related challenges and limitations along with future scope will be touched upon.

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“…When the urea cycle does not function properly by either an inherited genetic disease or liver damages, the blood ammonia level elevates to cause hyperammonemia ( Liu et al., 2018 ; Soria and Brunetti-Pierri, 2019 ). The elevated ammonia seriously damages the brain, leading to severe consequences in the central nervous system (CNS) ( Oja et al., 2017 ;, Butterworth, 2020 ). The consequences of the CNS damaging by ammonia typically are represented as alteration on mood and personality, cognitive impairment, ataxia, convulsions, and coma ( Karanfilian et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Hyperammonemia by Transplanting a Symbiotic Pair of Intestinal Microbes

Liu

Zhai

Rho

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Hyperammonemia is a deleterious and inevitable consequence of liver failure. However, no adequate therapeutic agent is available for hyperammonemia. Although recent studies showed that the pharmabiotic approach could be a therapeutic option for hyperammonemia, its development is clogged with poor identification of etiological microbes and low transplantation efficiency of candidate microbes. In this study, we developed a pharmabiotic treatment for hyperammonemia that employs a symbiotic pair of intestinal microbes that are both able to remove ammonia from the surrounding environment. By a radioactive tracing experiment in mice, we elucidated how the removal of ammonia by probiotics in the intestinal lumen leads to lower blood ammonia levels. After determination of the therapeutic mechanism, ammonia-removing probiotic strains were identified by high-throughput screening of gut microbes. The symbiotic partners of ammonia-removing probiotic strains were identified by screening intestinal microbes of a human gut, and the pairs were administrated to hyperammonemic mice to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Blood ammonia was in a chemical equilibrium relationship with intestinal ammonia. Lactobacillus reuteri JBD400 removed intestinal ammonia to shift the chemical equilibrium to lower the blood ammonia level. L. reuteri JBD400 was successfully transplanted with a symbiotic partner, Streptococcus rubneri JBD420, improving transplantation efficiency 2.3×103 times more compared to the sole transplantation while lowering blood ammonia levels significantly. This work provides new pharmabiotics for the treatment of hyperammonemia as well as explains its therapeutic mechanism. Also, this approach provides a concept of symbiotic pairs approach in the emerging field of pharmabiotics.

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Hepatic Encephalopathy

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

<p>The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Citicoline in Hepatic Encephalopathy</p>

<p>The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Citicoline in Hepatic Encephalopathy</p>

Review—Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

Treatment of Hyperammonemia by Transplanting a Symbiotic Pair of Intestinal Microbes

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