Hepatic Histoplasmosis: An Update

Sayeed, Maimuna; Benzamin, Md.; Nahar, Luthfun; Rana, Masud; Aishy, Aisharza Sultana

doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00080

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The most common finding of hepatic histoplasmosis from the liver biopsy is portal lymphohistiocytic inflammation. Granulomatous hepatitis, as in the case of our patient, is found in less than 20% of cases of hepatic histoplasmosis [ 10 ]. Interestingly, though our patient’s abdominal CT did not show evidence of disseminated liver infection, the continued rise in total bilirubin prompted a liver biopsy which demonstrated yeast forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Case Report of Disseminated Adrenal Histoplasmosis and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

Jagadish¹,

Chen²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Histoplasmosis is a chronic, infectious disease caused by the environmental fungus H. capsulatum, primarily affecting the respiratory system. In immunocompromised patients, histoplasmosis can become severely complicated due to dissemination into various other organ systems. Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon complication of disseminated histoplasmosis, as its manifestation requires necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of both adrenal glands. We describe a rare case of delayed histoplasmosis in the bilateral adrenal glands and liver of an immunocompromised patient with development of symptoms at 21 years after liver transplant and nine years after renal transplant. In addition, this patient presented with secondary adrenal insufficiency due to long-term use of corticosteroids rather than the typical primary adrenal insufficiency seen in histoplasmosis with adrenal involvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Case Report of Disseminated Adrenal Histoplasmosis and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

Jagadish¹,

Chen²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…However, approximately 100,000 people develop disseminated histoplasmosis. 11 The first histoplasmosis case in Bangladesh was reported in 1982 and the second case in 2005. A retrospective data review from 1962 to 2017, containing information on histoplasmosis in and/or from Bangladesh showed a total of 26 patient with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early diagnosis is crucial as disseminated histoplasmosis is associated with high mortality ranging between 30-50% if treated and 100% if not (11). Disseminated Histoplasmosis does occur in immunocompetent patient and in the appropriate clinical context (especially in FUO in tuberculosis endemic area), it should be considered in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, regardless of pulmonary symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Immunocompetent Patients Presented with Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

et al. 2023

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Histoplasmosis is underreported although in Southeast Asia including Bangladesh is thought to be endemic considering the favorable geo-climatic conditions for the organism. Non-recognition of histoplasmosis is particularly attributed to possible misdiagnosis as tuberculosis (which is endemic here and common in Bangladesh) because histoplasmosis mimics tuberculosis in clinical presentation, imaging and histopathology. Disseminated histoplasmosis mainly occur in immunocompromised patients and rare in immunocompetent subjects. Here we are reporting two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis where both were immunocompetent and presented with FUO. Both patients visited several health centers before coming to us with no definite diagnosis and we got them in a progressive stage. Both were confirmed through bone marrow study. Unfortunately, one of them died from disease progression, sepsis and other complications and another patient gradually improved with treatment (amphotericin B and itraconazole). We are reporting these cases to highlight the fact that disseminated histoplasmosis does occur in immunocompetent patient and may occur with or without pulmonary symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis and delay can often be fatal. J MEDICINE 2023; 24: 59-64

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“…Conversely, acute pulmonary histoplasmosis can induce inflammatory changes in the mediastinal lymph nodes, manifesting as mediastinal granuloma. This condition can lead to symptoms of vascular and airway compression such as cough, dyspnea, angina, and hemoptysis ( Kurowski and Ostapchuk, 2002 ; Sayeed et al., 2022 ) ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Post Infectious Sequalaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osteoarticular infections are frequently caused by fungal species such as Scedosporium apiospermum , Aspergillus , and Candida , and may escalate to conditions necessitating limb amputation in extreme cases ( Taj-Aldeen et al., 2015 ). Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is another fungal affliction that can give rise to post-acute, widespread inflammatory reactions, leading to symmetrical polyarthritis, which is amenable to anti-inflammatory treatment ( Kurowski and Ostapchuk, 2002 ; Sayeed et al., 2022 ) ( Figure 7 ). Typically, fungal infections target immunocompromised individuals and can disseminate to various body parts including the skin, lungs, bones, and joints.…”

Section: Post Infectious Sequalaementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the acute phase: a comprehensive literature review of long-term sequelae resulting from infectious diseases

Izquierdo-Condoy,

Vásconez-Gonzáles,

Morales-Lapo

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Infectious diseases have consistently served as pivotal influences on numerous civilizations, inducing morbidity, mortality, and consequently redirecting the course of history. Their impact extends far beyond the acute phase, characterized by the majority of symptom presentations, to a multitude of adverse events and sequelae that follow viral, parasitic, fungal, or bacterial infections. In this context, myriad sequelae related to various infectious diseases have been identified, spanning short to long-term durations. Although these sequelae are known to affect thousands of individuals individually, a comprehensive evaluation of all potential long-term effects of infectious diseases has yet to be undertaken. We present a comprehensive literature review delineating the primary sequelae attributable to major infectious diseases, categorized by systems, symptoms, and duration. This compilation serves as a crucial resource, illuminating the long-term ramifications of infectious diseases for healthcare professionals worldwide. Moreover, this review highlights the substantial burden that these sequelae impose on global health and economies, a facet often overshadowed by the predominant focus on the acute phase. Patients are frequently discharged following the resolution of the acute phase, with minimal long-term follow-up to comprehend and address potential sequelae. This emphasizes the pressing need for sustained vigilance, thorough patient monitoring, strategic health management, and rigorous research to understand and mitigate the lasting economic and health impacts of infectious diseases more fully.

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Hepatic Histoplasmosis: An Update

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Case Report of Disseminated Adrenal Histoplasmosis and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

Case Report of Disseminated Adrenal Histoplasmosis and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Immunocompetent Patients Presented with Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

Beyond the acute phase: a comprehensive literature review of long-term sequelae resulting from infectious diseases

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