Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

Iaconelli, Marcello; Purpari, Giuseppa; Libera, S. Della; Petricca, Sabrina; Guercio, Annalisa; Ciccaglione, Anna Rita; Bruni, Roberto; Taffon, Stefania; Equestre, Michele; Fratini, Marta; Muscillo, Michele; Rosa, Giuseppina La

doi:10.1007/s12560-015-9207-3

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This hypothesis is supported by studies that found HEV RNA in surface water in proximity of pig farms [170,171]. HEV sequences similar to sequences found in patients with autochthonous hepatitis E infection and in swine have also been repeatedly found in river and seawater [172,173,174]. In addition, some of the shellfish found to be HEV RNA positive in Scotland were harvested near a slaughterhouse and pork processing plant [118].…”

Section: Transmission Pathways Of Zoonotic Hevmentioning

confidence: 77%

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

Doceul

Bagdassarian

Demange

et al. 2016

Viruses

218

199

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During the past ten years, several new hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) have been identified in various animal species. In parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis E in Western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what role these possible animal reservoirs play in human infections. The aim of this review is to present the recent discoveries of animal HEVs and their classification within the Hepeviridae family, their zoonotic and species barrier crossing potential, and possible use as models to study hepatitis E pathogenesis. Lastly, this review describes the transmission pathways identified from animal sources.

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Section: Transmission Pathways Of Zoonotic Hevmentioning

confidence: 77%

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

Doceul

Bagdassarian

Demange

et al. 2016

Viruses

218

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, the identity with other Slovenian swine HEV isolates in the area was 100%. The virus was also detected in a river sample in Italy [214] and the Netherlands [215]. …”

Section: Hev In Environment and Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Clemente-Casares

Ramos-Romero

Ramirez-Gonzalez

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Its presence in developing countries has been documented for decades. Developed countries were supposed to be virus-free and initially only imported cases were detected in those areas. However, sporadic and autochthonous cases of HEV infection have been identified and studies reveal that the virus is worldwide spread. Chronic hepatitis and multiple extrahepatic manifestations have also been associated with HEV. We review the data from European countries, where human, animal, and environmental data have been collected since the 90s. In Europe, autochthonous HEV strains were first detected in the late 90s and early 2000s. Since then, serological data have shown that the virus infects quite frequently the European population and that some species, such as pigs, wild boars, and deer, are reservoirs. HEV strains can be isolated from environmental samples and reach the food chain, as shown by the detection of the virus in mussels and in contaminated pork products as sausages or meat. All these data highlight the need of studies directed to control the sources of HEV to protect immunocompromised individuals that seem the weakest link of the HEV epidemiology in industrialized regions.

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“…Indeed, the presence of HEV has been demonstrated in several studies performed in environmental water, river and wastewater samples in America, Asia and Europe [11–15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

et al. 2017

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis of enteric transmission. HEV has been detected in environmental samples in several countries from Europe and Asia, constituting a risk factor for waterborne infection. In Colombia, HEV has been identified in samples obtained from patients as well as from swine, but no environmental studies have been carried out. To determine if HEV is present in environmental waters, samples from the main source of drinking water plant and of wastewater system of eight municipalities and two villages of Antioquia state (North West Colombia), were collected between December 2012 and April 2014. The HEV genome was detected by RT-PCR in 23.3% (7/30) of the samples from the main source of drinking water plants and in 16.7% (5/30) from sewage. Viral concentrates obtained from three positive sewage samples were used to inoculate HepG2 cell cultures that were followed for one month; however, the viral genome was not detected in any cell culture. This study demonstrates the circulation of HEV in both source of drinking water plants and wastewater in Antioquia state, Colombia. The presence of HEV in environmental waters could be a risk for waterborne transmission in this population. The findings of the present study, together with the evidence of HEV circulation in human and swine in Colombia, should be consider by public health authorities for the development of surveillance programs and the inclusion of HEV infection diagnosis in the guidelines of viral hepatitis in the country. This is the first report of HEV in environmental samples in Colombia and the second one in Latin America.

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Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

Cited by 70 publications

References 38 publications

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

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