Hepatitis A Outbreak in the General Population due to a MSM-Associated HAV Genotype Linked to a Food Handler, November 2017–February 2018, Germany

Marosevic, Durdica; Belting, Anne; Schönberger, Katharina; Carl, Anja; Wenzel, Jürgen J.; Brey, Roland

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09375-3

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MSM sex tourism across national borders is recognized as an important avenue of introducing new outbreaks [11], and many outbreaks of hepatitis A occur among MSM. The timing of hepatitis A outbreaks has involved a certain time lag as they have moved across the globe, with a surge of patients occurring among MSM from 2015 to 2017 in Taiwan [12][13][14], from 2016 to 2017 in Europe [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], from 2016 to 2018 in the United States [30,31], and in 2018 in Japan [11,32]. Spatial spread (e.g., from Taiwan and Europe to Japan) has been partly demonstrated via genome sequencing [11,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Saito

Imamura

Nishiura

2021

Theor Biol Med Model

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Background A hepatitis A epidemic occurred among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Japan in 2017–2018. In this study, we employ a parsimonious mathematical model to epidemiologically investigate the dynamics of infection, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of campaign-based interventions among MSM to raise awareness of the situation. Methods A mathematical model describing a mixture of human-to-human transmission and environmental transmission was fitted to surveillance data. Taking seasonally varying environmental transmission into account, we estimated the reproduction number of hepatitis A virus during the course of epidemic, and, especially, the abrupt decline in this reproduction number following campaign-based interventions. Results The reproduction number prior to the countermeasures ranged from 2.6 to 3.1 and then began to decrease following campaign-based interventions. After the first countermeasure, the reproduction number decreased, but the epidemic remained supercritical (i.e., Rt > 1). The value of Rt dropped well below one following the second countermeasure, which used web articles to widely disseminate information about the epidemic risk. Conclusions Although the effective reproduction number, Rt, changes because of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the timing of the examined countermeasures against hepatitis A in the MSM population was consistent with the abrupt declines observed in Rt. Even without vaccination, the epidemic was brought under control, and risky behaviors may have been changed by the increase in situation awareness reached through web articles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Saito

Imamura

Nishiura

2021

Theor Biol Med Model

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“…Nucleic acid isolation, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and sequencing were conducted as described elsewhere (Harries et al 2014;Marosevic et al 2019).…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O F Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Berlin due to low vaccination coverage: Epidemiology, management, and successful interventions

Zimmermann

Faber

Dudareva

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The virus is also found in the blood and saliva of an infected person. Household members and sexual partners of infected people, intravenous drug users, and those traveling to endemic areas of hepatitis A are at increased risk of infection [ 34 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis a Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 70% of children under 6 years of age and 20% of children over 6 years of age have asymptomatic HAV infections. The severity of the disease is higher in the older age groups [ 34 ]. HAV complications are dangerous and can even lead to death.…”

Section: Hepatitis a Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An epidemic, recorded in Germany in 2017–2018, was caused by one of the HAV strains identified from those infected with an MSM group combined with a contact person working in a food store as the most likely source of the outbreak. Through contact tracing, two direct contacts were diagnosed by stool examinations, and over the next few weeks, seven of the store’s customers were identified as confirmed cases [ 34 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis a Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

et al. 2021

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The role of purified natural products in the prevention and treatment of countless diseases of bacterial, fungal, and viral origin cannot be overestimated. New antiviral drugs have been obtained from natural sources and transformed into preparations for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, proanthocyanins, polysaccharides, organic acids, proteins, polypeptides, and essential oils derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms can control and combat foodborne viral infections, including hepatitis A. The components of essential oils are characterized by numerous therapeutic and antioxidant properties and exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Due to these properties, they can be used to preserve meat, fruit, vegetables, and their products. Over the past two decades, much effort has been made to identify natural products, mostly of plant origin, to combat foodborne viruses. Natural plant extracts have several potential uses, not limited to increasing the safety of food products and improving their quality, but also as natural antiviral agents.

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Hepatitis A Outbreak in the General Population due to a MSM-Associated HAV Genotype Linked to a Food Handler, November 2017–February 2018, Germany

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Berlin due to low vaccination coverage: Epidemiology, management, and successful interventions

Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

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