Hepatitis A outbreak since November 2016 affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chile connected to the current outbreak in MSM in Europe, situation up to October 2017

Rivas, Violeta; Barrera, Aldo; Pino, Karla; Núñez, Ruth; Cáceres, C. Joaquín; López‐Lastra, Marcelo; Soza, Alejandro

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.9.18-00060

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Some of these outbreaks in the Netherlands were phylogenetically linked with the EuroPridee in Amsterdam in 2016 [26]. Even outbreaks outside of Europe, in Chile and Tel Aviv were also connected with this multinational outbreak in Europe, suggesting a connection of the increase in severe HA in males in 2016 and [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Recent outbreaks of severe hepatitis A virus infections in Vienna

Bauer

Farthofer

Chromy

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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To explore the epidemiology and clinical course of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections at the Vienna General Hospital. We retrospectively identified patients who were tested positive for HAV-IgM at the Vienna General Hospital form Q1/2008 to Q3/2018. Our definition of severe HAV infection was AST and/or ALT > 5 × above the upper limit of normal (ULN); and liver dysfunction as (i) hepatic encephalopathy or ammonia > 100 μmol/L, (ii) coagulopathy with INR > 1.5, or (iii) jaundice with bilirubin > 5 mg/dL. A total of 578 HAV-IgM (+) were identified, including 31 (5.4%) and 38 (6.6%) without and with liver dysfunction, respectively. A proportional increase in severe HAV cases with and without liver dysfunction occurred in 2016/2017 with (21.5% (vs. 8.0% in the years before; p < 0.001). Thirty-seven (53.6%) patients with severe HAV were hospitalized, 6 (9%) required ICU support, and one patient received liver transplantation within 30 days. Patients with severe HAV and liver dysfunction were more often male (60.5 vs. 43.1%, p = 0.055) and younger (31.5 vs. 63 years, p < 0.001) as compared with other HAV-IgM (+) cases. The observed increase of severe HAV infections in Vienna in 2017 among young males, coincided with a multinational HAV outbreak among MSM. Our data suggests a higher likelihood of severe courses of hepatitis A in MSM. Vaccination against HAV should be recommended for risk groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Recent outbreaks of severe hepatitis A virus infections in Vienna

Bauer

Farthofer

Chromy

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Other STIs are on the increase both among MSM and heterosexuals [ 58 ]. Increasing trends and/or outbreaks of gonorrhoea, lymphogranuloma venereum, and sexually transmitted shigellosis and hepatitis A have been reported in high-income countries around the globe over the last few years [ 74 – 77 ], indicating a need to focus more widely on improving sexual health rather than targeting specific infections. An integrated cross-disease approach would also result in synergies with other public health programmes which are often better resourced, such as HIV control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resurgence of syphilis in high-income countries in the 2000s: a focus on Europe

et al. 2019

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Syphilis can cause severe complications and sequelae. Following a decrease in reported cases in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and other high-income countries in the 1980s and 1990s as a result of the HIV epidemic and ensuing changes in sexual behaviour, trends started to increase in the 2000s in a number of EU/EEA Member States with higher rates among men and a large proportion of cases reported among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly HIV-positive MSM. Trends in EU/EEA Member States vary however with some countries continuing to report decreases in the number of reported cases (mostly in the Eastern part of EU/EEA) whereas many Western European countries report increasing numbers of cases. Increasing rates among women, although still relatively low, have been observed in a number of countries leading to concerns around mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and congenital syphilis. Similar overall trends are observed in other high-income countries with the exception of Japan where rates among heterosexual men and women have been rising at alarming levels. Control of syphilis requires use of comprehensive, evidence-based strategies which take into account lessons learned from previous control efforts as well as consideration of biomedical interventions.

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“…Risk factors associated with HAV infection among MSM were oral-anal intercourse and group sex [5,6]. As of 2016, an increase in incidence of HAV infection among MSM was observed in many countries, with many outbreaks occurring following social events such as gay festivals, where distinct strains of genotype IA, as VRD_521_2016 and RIVM-HAV16–090 were identified in more than 3000 cases in European Union [7,8,9,10,11,12]. In Brazil, an increase of 128% in the incidence of HAV infection among males, 20–39 years/old, reporting oral-anal sex was described by the Ministry of Health in their 2017 annual Epidemiological Bulletin [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A Strain Linked to the European Outbreaks During Gay Events between 2016 and 2017, Identified in a Brazilian Homosexual Couple in 2017

Mello

Lago

Sousa

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported worldwide and associated primarily with sexual transmission through oral-anal sex. Here, we provide the molecular and evolutionary description of a European strain, linked to HAV outbreaks among MSM, detected in a Brazilian homosexual couple. Bayesian analysis provided evidence that the viral isolates were introduced in Brazil from Spain between the end of 2016 and the beginning of 2017.

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Hepatitis A outbreak since November 2016 affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chile connected to the current outbreak in MSM in Europe, situation up to October 2017

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Recent outbreaks of severe hepatitis A virus infections in Vienna

Recent outbreaks of severe hepatitis A virus infections in Vienna

The resurgence of syphilis in high-income countries in the 2000s: a focus on Europe

Hepatitis A Strain Linked to the European Outbreaks During Gay Events between 2016 and 2017, Identified in a Brazilian Homosexual Couple in 2017

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