Hepatitis B core antigen antibody as an indicator of a low grade carrier state for hepatitis B virus in a Saudi Arabian blood donor population

Bernvil, S.S.; Andrews, V. J.; Kuhns, Mary C.; McNamara, Anne L.

doi:10.1016/s0955-3886(96)00076-8

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, the overall prevalence of total anti-HBc antibodies among HBsAg negative blood donors was 14.2% (451/3167). This is comparable to the older antiHBc prevalence rates reported among HBsAg-negative blood donors in the Mediterranean region and Arab Peninsula; 15.03% in Greece [24] and 16.4% in Saudi Arabia [25] , respectively. A previous Egyptian study, however, reported a prevalence of 10.9% in volunteer HBsAgnegative blood donors, where, HBV-DNA was detected in 11.54% of the anti-HBc positive units [26] .…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors

Said

Sayed²,

Salama

et al. 2013

WJH

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AIM:To identify blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) to promote safe blood donation. METHODS:Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 3167 blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) and human immunodeficiency virus Ab. They were subjected to the detection of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and screening for anti-HBV core antibodies (total) by two different techniques; [Monoliza antibodies to hepatitis B core (Anti-HBc) Plus-Bio-Rad] and (ARC-HBc total-ABBOT). Positive samples were subjected to quantitative detection of antibodies to hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) (ETI-AB-AUK-3, Dia Sorin-Italy). Serum anti-HBs titers > 10 IU/L was considered positive. Quantitative HBV DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (QIAGEN-Germany) with 3.8 IU/mL detection limit was estimated for blood units with negative serum anti-HBs and also for 32 whose anti-HBs serum titers were > 1000 IU/L. Also, 265 recipients were included, 34 of whom were followed up for 3-6 mo. Recipients were investigated for ALT and AST, HBV serological markers: HBsAg (ETI-MAK-4, Dia Sorin-Italy), anti-HBc, quantitative detection of anti-HBs and HBV-DNA. RESULTS: 525/3167 (16.6%) of blood units were positive for total anti-HBc, 64% of those were antiHBs positive. Confirmation by ARCHITECT anti-HBc assay were carried out for 498/525 anti-HBc positive samples, where 451 (90.6%) confirmed positive. Reactivity for anti-HBc was considered confirmed only if two positive results were obtained for each sample, giving an overall prevalence of 451/3167 (14.2%) for total anti-HBc. HBV DNA was quantified by real time PCR in 52/303 (17.2%) of anti-HBc positive blood donors (viral load range: 5 to 3.5 x 10 5

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confidence: 82%

Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors

Said

Sayed²,

Salama

et al. 2013

WJH

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“…This figure compares with antiHBc prevalence rates among HBsAg-negative blood donors that vary from 0.56% in the United Kingdom, 20 0.84% in United States, 21 1.4% in Germany, 11 15.03% in Greece, 22 16.4% in Saudi Arabia 23 to 76% in Ghana. 20 In our area the current HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive donor population is made up of two groups: one of native Italians and another, on the increase, of foreign donors belonging to immigrant fluxes from EastEuropean and African countries.…”

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confidence: 82%

Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Manzini¹,

Girotto²,

Borsotti³

et al. 2007

Haematologica

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“…HBV-DNA was detected in only 2 (10%) out of the 20 HBcAb-positive samples. Isolated anti-HBc that tested negative for HBV DNA was detected in 18 (12%) of the 150 samples that tested negative for HBsAg.Isolated anti-HBc was reported in 2% of the 6,035 consecutive Saudi blood donors [4]. In a single Brazilian study, it was 10% [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated anti-HBc was reported in 2% of the 6,035 consecutive Saudi blood donors [4]. In a single Brazilian study, it was 10% [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen

et al. 2007

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Regardless of all efforts to guarantee safety of blood, hepatitis B residual risk is the highest among transfusiontransmitted diseases [1]. HBV DNA was detected in 3.3% of blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) but positive for anti-HBc [2].The frequency of HBsAg in Egyptian blood donors is 4.3% [3]. There are no available data about the frequency of either hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) or HBsAb in Egyptian blood donors. In order to evaluate the role of HBcAb in blood screening for HBV infection, 150 blood donors (negative for HBsAg, HBsAb, hepatitis C virus antibody, and human immunodeficiency virus) were tested for HBcAb (total). In the anti-HBc-positive samples (n = 20), HBV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay tests were performed. HBV-DNA was detected in only 2 (10%) out of the 20 HBcAb-positive samples. Isolated anti-HBc that tested negative for HBV DNA was detected in 18 (12%) of the 150 samples that tested negative for HBsAg.Isolated anti-HBc was reported in 2% of the 6,035 consecutive Saudi blood donors [4]. In a single Brazilian study, it was 10% [5]. In our institution, however, the prevalence of isolated HBcAb in tested samples was 13.3%. Isolated anti-HBc serologic profile may be associated with occult chronic HBV infection with undetectable HBsAg, remote HBV infection with loss of measurable HBsAb, passive transfer of anti-HBc, nonspecific crossreacting antibody, or the period when HBsAg has disappeared and anti-HBs has not been detected. The higher prevalence of isolated anti-HBc in our study may be related to the absence of donor selection.Molecular methods have demonstrated the presence of the virus in patients with HBcAb alone with frequencies of 0.8% and 12.2% in a Brazilian [6] and an Iranian [7] study, respectively. In our study, the overall prevalence of HBV-DNA in healthy blood donors was 10% among isolated anti-HBc-positive individuals. Such wide discrepancy, not completely understood, could result from virological, immunological, methodological, or epidemiological factors. The detection of HBV DNA by PCR in these individuals rules out the possibility of false positive results and remote HBV infection. At the same time, it confirms the presence of occult HBV infection.Individuals with isolated anti-HBc who tested negative for HBV DNA constituted 12% of our tested populations. These subjects may have remote infection, false positive result, or represent an immunological window period. We have tested subjects for total HBcAb rather than IgM and IgG isotypes. Therefore, the differentiation between acute and chronic HBV infection was difficult.The exclusion of all anti-HBc positive blood donors leads to unnecessary blood shortage in blood banks (12%

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Hepatitis B core antigen antibody as an indicator of a low grade carrier state for hepatitis B virus in a Saudi Arabian blood donor population

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors

Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors

Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen

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