Hepatitis B NAT virus‐positive blood donors in the early and late stages of HBV infection: analyses of the window period and kinetics of HBV DNA

Yoshikawa, Akira; Gotanda, Yuhko; Itabashi, Masako; Minegishi, Kiyoshi; Kanemitsu, Kimihiro; Nishioka, Kusuya

doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00602.x

Cited by 75 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…Such donations with high viral load without detectable HBsAg have been observed in Japan and in the United States. 21,22 Most HBV DNA cases identified in this study belong to an entity called "occult" HBV infection defined as HBsAg-negative/HBV DNA-positive samples outside the window period. 4 The analysis of a complete set of data including two or more samples from most of these cases identified two separate patterns ( Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern of fluctuating detectability of viral genome and neutralizing antibody was seen in samples from donors 7 through 13 (Table 3). A second large group of donors (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) was characterized by the repeated detection of HBV DNA at low concentration (Ͻ1,000 IU/ mL; in most cases, Ͻ200 IU/mL) without detectable antiHBs. Anti-HBc, often associated with anti-HBe, was consistently detected.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This pattern was clear in donors 15 through 17, where both look-back and follow-up samples were available. In the other donors (18)(19)(20)(21)(22), only one follow-up sample was available and, in all cases, HBV DNA was undetectable. Classification of these samples was therefore somewhat uncertain, although the consistent presence of anti-HBc in both the index and the follow-up samples limited the likelihood of HBV DNA contamination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors in Poland identified by triplex NAT

et al. 2006

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T he introduction of molecular methods to screen blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) has improved blood transfusion safety. [1][2][3] In addition, detection of molecular markers of infection in asymptomatic individuals with no serological markers, which are used for blood donor screening [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HIV], provides new information on the natural course of these infections. Several aspects of the biology of HBV remain unclear. One of them is the detection of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg (occult HBV infection) and the determination of its frequency and characteristics. 4 Answering some of these questions became achievable in 2005 when HBV DNA screening of all seronegative blood donations was introduced in Poland. This report presents the analysis of such cases in asymptomatic blood donors identified during the first year of screening in a country with a medium level of HBV endemicity.The aim of this investigation was to analyze the frequency of HBV DNA-positive/HBsAg-negative donations and to use serological and molecular analysis of index samples and, when possible, follow-up and look-back samples to determine the HBV infection status of the donors. Materials and MethodsDonors and Sample Collection. The study was conducted in 2005, during which all blood donations collected in Poland were tested for anti-HCV (Ortho

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors in Poland identified by triplex NAT

et al. 2006

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“…Similar findings were noted in a later survey. 58 Because of the low viral load in OHB, blood from donors should be tested for HBV-DNA because it is more sensitive and standardized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in China – systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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Aims: To provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients in China and help to inform prevention programs and guide future research. Methods: A systematic review was constructed based on the computerized literature database. Confidence intervals (95% CI) of infection rates were calculated using the approximate normal distribution model. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated by fixed or random effects models. Hepatitis B surface antigen positivity (HBsAg (+)) was set as the sign of HBV infection. Results: Fifty studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among HD patients in China was 11.9%. Blood transfusion was correlated with an increase in HBV infection (p = 0.05). HD patients with a long-term history were more likely to be infected than those with a short-term history. The levels of alanine aminotransferase were higher in the HBsAg (+) patients (p < 0.001). Large doses of HBV vaccine (80 μg/dose) increased the seroconversion rate. The response rate of intradermal injection of HBV vaccine was higher than that of intramuscular injection. Conclusion: Hepatitis B is still one of the main complications in HD patients in China, and the frequency of blood transfusion and duration of HD were the risk factors. Large doses and intradermal injection of HBV vaccine were recommended to prevent HBV infection in HD patients. The findings of this meta-analysis have implications for optimal prevention and treatment of Hepatitis B in HD patients.

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“…Screening of blood donations for HIV, HCV, and HBV using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) allows the identification of infectious donations given prior to the appearance of viral antigens or antibodies in the circulation [Stramer et al, 2004;Offergeld et al, 2005;Yoshikawa et al, 2005]. The identification of donations from pre-seroconversion blood donors provides a unique opportunity to analyze genetically viral strains that have been recently transmitted in demographic groups considered at low risk for these infections (i.e., unremunerated blood donors).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of the genetic variation in incident HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in blood and plasma donors: Implications for blood safety, diagnostics, treatment, and molecular epidemiology

2006

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Surveillance for molecular variants in blood donors is vital to assuring that blood screening and supplemental assays are sensitive to circulating strains of blood-borne viruses. Blood screening and diagnostic assays licensed in the United States are largely based on prototype viral strains. Documentation of divergent viral strains in the donor pool can lead to accelerated development and licensure of robust serologic and nucleic acid amplification (NAT) assays for donor screening and diagnostic applications. In addition, surveillance for viral variants among donors has implications for assessing the prevalence of drug and vaccine escape mutants and for detecting and monitoring rare variants that may be newly introduced or increasing in the United States donor population. Combined NAT and serologic screening, supplemented by novel serologic testing strategies, can be used to identify donors with incident infections, which are of particular interest with respect to blood safety and public health implications. A systematic program is proposed for the genetic characterization of viral genomes in donors with incident HIV, HCV, or HBV infections.

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Hepatitis B NAT virus‐positive blood donors in the early and late stages of HBV infection: analyses of the window period and kinetics of HBV DNA

Abstract: HBV NAT screening detected HBV DNA in both early (the so-called serological window period) and late stages of acute HBV infection.

Cited by 75 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors in Poland identified by triplex NAT

Characterization of HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors in Poland identified by triplex NAT

Hepatitis B virus infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in China – systematic review and meta-analysis

Surveillance of the genetic variation in incident HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in blood and plasma donors: Implications for blood safety, diagnostics, treatment, and molecular epidemiology

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