Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Brazil: Introduction and dissemination

Wolf, Jonas Michel; Simon, Daniel; Lunge, Vagner Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104936

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In this study, genotypes A (subgenotypes A1 and A2), D (subgenotype D3), E and F (subgenotypes F2 and F4) were detected. Except for genotype E, which is restricted to Africa, the genotypes found here are endemic in Brazil, as previously reported 36 – 39 . Most HBV/A1, A2 and D3 sequences clustered with previously described Brazilian sequences 25 – 28 , while HBV/F2 and F4 grouped with sequences from Latin America such as Venezuela, Paraguay and Brazil 29 – 31 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus quasispecies in different biological compartments reveals distinct genotypes

do Lago,

Bezerra,

Moreira

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The selection pressure imposed by the host immune system impacts hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies variability. This study evaluates HBV genetic diversity in different biological fluids. Twenty paired serum, oral fluid, and DBS samples from chronic HBV carriers were analyzed using both Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). The mean HBV viral load in serum was 5.19 ± 4.3 log IU/mL (median 5.29, IQR 3.01–7.93). Genotype distribution was: HBV/A1 55% (11/20), A2 15% (3/20), D3 10% (2/20), F2 15% (3/20), and F4 5% (1/20). Genotype agreement between serum and oral fluid was 100% (genetic distances 0.0–0.006), while that between serum and DBS was 80% (genetic distances 0.0–0.115). Two individuals presented discordant genotypes in serum and DBS. Minor population analysis revealed a mixed population. All samples displayed mutations in polymerase and/or surface genes. Major population analysis of the polymerase pointed to positions H122 and M129 as the most polymorphic (≥ 75% variability), followed by V163 (55%) and I253 (50%). Neither Sanger nor NGS detected any antiviral primary resistance mutations in the major populations. Minor population analysis, however, demonstrated the rtM204I resistance mutation in all individuals, ranging from 2.8 to 7.5% in serum, 2.5 to 6.3% in oral fluid, and 3.6 to 7.2% in DBS. This study demonstrated that different fluids can be used to assess HBV diversity, nonetheless, genotypic differences according to biological compartments can be observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus quasispecies in different biological compartments reveals distinct genotypes

do Lago,

Bezerra,

Moreira

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In 2021, over 150,000 immigrants entered the country, most of them coming from geographical areas with intermediate or high HBV endemicity and living in conditions of poverty and social vulnerability [22]. In Brazil, HBV genotypes A, D, and F are mainly found countrywide, reflecting the contribution of the African (A1), European (A2 and D), and Amerindian (F) people in the formation of the Brazilian population [23][24][25]. Data on the molecular characterization of HBV in immigrant populations in Brazil is extremely scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A5, and characterization of occult infection and hepatocellular carcinoma-related mutations in Latin American and African immigrants in Brazil

Sant’Anna,

Martins,

Carneiro

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study aims to characterize the molecular profile of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among socially vulnerable immigrants residing in Brazil to investigate the introduction of uncommon HBV strains into the country. Serum samples from 102 immigrants with positive serology for HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by PCR assays. Among these, 24 were also positive for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The full or partial genome was sequenced to determine genotype by phylogenetic analysis. Participants were from Haiti (79.4%), Guinea Bissau (11.8%), Venezuela (7.8%), and Colombia (1%). Of the 21 HBV DNA-positive samples, subgenotypes A1 (52.4%), A5 (28.6%), E (9.5%), F2 (4.8%), and F3 (4.8%) were identified. Among the 78 HBsAg-negative participants, four were positive for HBV DNA, resulting in an occult HBV infection rate of 5.1%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that most strains were likely introduced to Brazil by migration. Importantly, 80% of A5 sequences had the A1762T/G1764A double mutation, linked to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. In conclusion, this study is the first report of HBV subgenotype A5 in Brazil, shedding new light on the diversity of HBV strains circulating in the country. Understanding the genetic diversity of HBV in immigrant communities can lead to better prevention and control strategies, benefiting both immigrants and the broader society.

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