Hepatitis C

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Here, we briefly review the virology, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis C. Standard therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin results in a sustained virological response in 40-50% of genotype 1- and in about 80% of genotype 2- or 3-infected patients. Recent progress has allowed the identification of novel antiviral targets and therapeutic strategies. These will likely complement existing therapeutic modalities in the near future.

Black hole solutions and Euler equation in Rastall and generalized Rastall theories of gravity

“…In this subsection, we use the index R to indicate that we work in the original Rastall framework. Inserting the conformally flat solution (7) into the field equations (5) and by using (20), one reaches…”

“…It is also useful to mention that the Hawking temperature is not always equal to the thermodynamic temperature obtained from the thermodynamic definition of temperature (see Ref. [20] and references there in), and indeed, the deep connection between gravity and thermodynamics needs to be further studied [15,20]. For a thermodynamic system with entropy S, energy E, pressure P and temperature T within the volume V , the Euler equation takes the form E = T S − P V [21].…”

Virushepatitis A–E

“…Tab. 1; [10]). Anti-HCV zeigt eine ak ti ve (aku te oder chro ni sche) oder ab ge lau fe ne In fek ti on an.…”

“…Die ak tu el le The ra pie der chro ni schen He pa ti tis C be steht in ei ner Kom bi na ti on von PEG-IFNα (1-mal wö chent lich s.c.) und Ri ba vi rin, ei nem ora len Gua no si nana lo gon (täg lich; [10]). Bei de Sub stanzen wir ken über nur teil wei se ver stan de ne, di rekt an ti vi ra le und in di rek te im mun mo du la to ri sche Mecha nis men.…”

Leberzirrhose: Prävention

“…Die aktuelle Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis C besteht in einer Kombination von PEGIFNα 1mal wöchentlich s.c. und Ribavirin, einem oralen Guanosin Analogon, täglich [13]. Beide Substanzen wirken über nur teilweise verstandene, di rekt antivirale und indirekte immunmo dulatorische Mechanismen.…”