Hepatitis C Virus Infection Increases Risk of Gallstone Disease in Elderly Chinese Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Abstract

We investigated possible links between the etiology of liver disease and gallstone risk in Chinese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We compared the outcomes of 267 Chinese CLD patients with gallstones and those of a control group of 1,015 CLD patients without gallstones. Logistic regression analyses adjusting for demographic features and other gallstone risk factors revealed that liver cirrhosis increased the risk of gallstone development twofold [adjusted odds ratio (AOR); 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.343 (1.710–3.211)]. HCV infection increased gallstone risk 1–2-fold [AOR; 95% CI: 1.582 (1.066–2.347)] higher than did HBV infection. Multivariate analyses of the risk of developing gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis after an HCV or HBV infection yielded an estimated AOR (95% CI) of 1.601 (1.063–2.413) in patients with an HCV infection. In elderly patients with CLD (≥60 years of age), gallstone risk also increased significantly after an HCV infection [AOR (95% CI): 2.394 (1.066–5.375)]. HCV infection, older age, and liver cirrhosis significantly correlate with an increased risk of gallstone development in Chinese patients with CLD. HCV infection further increases this risk in both patients with liver cirrhosis and in elderly CLD patients (≥60 years of age).

Advances in Risk Factors for Recurrence of Common Bile Duct Stones

“…In recent years, helicobacter pylori, HBV, HCV, Clonorchis sinensis, ascaris, and schistosomiasis have also been found to increase the risk of recurrence of choledocholithiasis. (47,51) Intervention factors Lifestyle Some studies have shown that a typical diet high in calories, cholesterol, fatty acids, or carbohydrates increases the risk of gallstones. (18,21,84) Physical activity reduces biliary cholesterol saturation by increasing HDL-C (23) and by affecting plasma TG and insulin release (82).…”

Minimally invasive treatment of cirrhotic secondary hypersplenism with high-intensity focused ultrasound

“…It has been proven that changes in bile acid composition and increased nucleation of bile combined with decreased motility of the gallbladder may contribute to the development of gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis. Thus, cirrhotic patients have a higher incidence and prevalence of gallstones [11][12][13][14]. The portal vein diameter and hypersplenism are risk factors for developing gallstones in patients with cirrhosis [14].…”

Minimally invasive treatment of cirrhotic secondary hypersplenism with high-intensity focused ultrasound

“…It has been proven that changes in bile acid composition and increased nucleation of bile combined with decreased motility of the gallbladder may contribute to the development of gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis. Thus, cirrhotic patients have a higher incidence and prevalence of gallstones [12][13][14][15] . The portal vein diameter and hypersplenism are risk factors for developing gallstones in patients with cirrhosis 15 .…”