Hepatitis C virus: Morphogenesis, infection and therapy

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 3% of the world population is infected with HCV. Thus, HCV infection is considered a public healthy challenge. It is worth mentioning, that the HCV prevalence is dependent on the countries with infection rates around 20% in high endemic countries. The review summarizes recent data on HCV molecular biology, the physiopathology of infection (immune-mediated liver damage, liver fibrosis and lipid metabolism), virus diagnostic and treatment. In addition, currently available in vitro, ex vivo and animal models to study the virus life cycle, virus pathogenesis and therapy are described. Understanding of both host and viral factors may in the future lead to creation of new approaches in generation of an efficient therapeutic vaccine.

More than just oncogenes: mechanisms of tumorigenesis by human viruses

“…In HCV infection in particular, hepatocellular carcinoma generally arises after a stage of fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, which supports a key role of inflammation for the oncogenesis process [58,59]. Several different aspects of inflammation may contribute to the development of these tumors.…”

Clinical Morphology of the Liver: Hepatocytes, Endomembrane System

“…Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2019;3(1): [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. https://doi.org /10.25298/2616-5546-2019-3-1-28-42 Введение Гепатоциты -основные клетки паренхиматозного компартмента печени, обеспечивающего жизненно важные функции организма: синтез (накопление и выделение в кровь) и хранение белков, трансформацию углеводов, синтез холестерина, желчных солей и фосфолипидов, детоксикацию, модификацию, выведение из организма эндогенных субстанций, инициирование процесса желчеобразования и другие [1,2].…”

“…Установлено, что в жизненном цикле HCV нуклеокапсид выходит в сторону просвета ЭР и транслоцируется в КГ для завершения процесса созревания [35]. Созревание вирионов HCV сопровождается фрагментацией и разрушением структур КГ [29].…”

“…Таким образом, аутофагосомы, количество которых при ХГС возрастает, накапливаются в инфицированных HCV клетках (рис. 34,35).…”

Occult hepatitis C infections: time to change the defined groups

“…The high burden of the disease is related to the induction of chronic liver disease in 80% of infected humans, with 20% of the infected people developing liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. 1 About half of the infected people do not show any noticeable symptoms until starting the cirrhotic stage of the disease. Elevated liver enzymes and serological screening of HCV antibodies are used to initially evaluate the level of exposure to HCV.…”