Hepatitis C Virus-Multispecific T-Cell Responses without Viremia or Seroconversion among Egyptian Health Care Workers at High Risk of Infection

Abdelwahab, Sayed F.; Zakaria, Zainab; Sobhy, Maha; Rewisha, Eman; Mahmoud, M. A.; Amer, Medhat; Sorbo, Mariarosaria Del; Capone, Stefania; Nicosia, Alfredo; Folgori, Antonella; Hashem, Mohamed; El-Kamary, Samer S.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00050-12

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This result was also described by Moens et al in a large cross-sectional survey of Belgian HCWs, in which the prevalence among HCWs was not higher than in the general population (19). We therefore propose a hypothesis-one that was also elaborated in several studies (20)(21)(22) including in Egypt (18,(23)(24)(25)-that a higher cell-mediated immune response against HCV in HCWs who are repeatedly exposed would partially protect them against infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in health-care workers at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Okasha¹,

Munier²,

Delarocque-Astagneau³

et al. 2015

East Mediterr Health J

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The objectives of this study were to document the background prevalence and incidence of HCV infection among HCWs in Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo and analyse the risk factors for HCV infection. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2008 among 1770 HCWs. Anti-HCV prevalence was age-standardized using the Cairo population. A prospective cohort was followed for a period of 18 months to estimate HCV incidence. The crude anti-HCV prevalence was 8.0% and the age-standardized seroprevalence was 8.1%. Risk factors independently associated with HCV seropositivity were: age, manual worker, history of blood transfusions and history of parenteral anti-schistosomiasis treatment. The estimated incidence of HCV infection was 7.3 per 1000 person-years. HCWs in this setting had a similar high HCV seroprevalence as the general population of greater Cairo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in health-care workers at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Okasha¹,

Munier²,

Delarocque-Astagneau³

et al. 2015

East Mediterr Health J

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“…None of them seroconverted or had detectable viremia, however HCV specific CD4+ T-cells responses were detected in 4 of the 10 HCWs. In Egypt, in a cross-sectional study among HCWs [23], 29 (55.8%) of 52 seronegative aviremic HCWs had a positive HCV-specific IFN-γ response detected by ELISPOT assay, compared to none of the 15 healthy controls [8]. Studies conducted in individuals living with infected subjects [9], [10], [11], [12] have shown similar findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Prior studies into the existence of transient HCV viremia have documented cases among individuals with high-risk exposures, such as HCWs [4] or prison inmates [5], [6]. Additionally, some studies have shown that subjects with high-risk exposure to HCV could induce cell-mediated immunity in the absence of detectable viremia or seroconversion, among HCWs [7], [8], people living with HCV-infected subjects [9], [10] and sexual partners of infected individuals [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent Transient Hepatitis C viremia without Seroconversion among Healthcare Workers in Cairo, Egypt

et al. 2013

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BackgroundsWith 10% of the general population aged 15–59 years chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), Egypt is the country with the highest HCV prevalence worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are therefore at particularly high risk of HCV infection. Our aim was to study HCV infection risk after occupational blood exposure among HCWs in Cairo.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe study was conducted in 2008–2010 at Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo. HCWs reporting an occupational blood exposure at screening, having neither anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) nor HCV RNA, and exposed to a HCV RNA positive patient, were enrolled in a 6-month prospective cohort with follow-up visits at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24. During follow-up, anti-HCV, HCV RNA and ALT were tested. Among 597 HCWs who reported a blood exposure, anti-HCV prevalence at screening was 7.2%, not different from that of the general population of Cairo after age-standardization (11.6% and 10.4% respectively, p = 0.62). The proportion of HCV viremia among index patients was 37%. Of 73 HCWs exposed to HCV RNA from index patients, nine (12.3%; 95%CI, 5.8–22.1%) presented transient viremia, the majority of which occurred within the first two weeks after exposure. None of the workers presented seroconversion or elevation of ALT.Conclusions/SignificanceHCWs of a general University hospital in Cairo were exposed to a highly viremic patient population. They experienced frequent occupational blood exposures, particularly in early stages of training. These exposures resulted in transient viremic episodes without established infection. These findings call for further investigation of potential immune protection against HCV persistence in this high risk group.

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Similar observations are also made in Hepatitis Cand B-exposed individuals. [35][36][37][38] It is not known why serology tests for some viruses including HCMV are negative in some virus-exposed individuals. One possibility is that HCMV-positive GBM patients have a high prevalence of a distinct HCMV strain whose antigen profile differs from those of HCMV strains used in commercial kits to detect HCMV-specific IgG and IgM.…”

Section: E982391-4 Volume 4 Issue 2 Oncoimmunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordant humoral and cellular immune responses toCytomegalovirus(CMV) in glioblastoma patients whose tumors are positive for CMV

et al. 2015

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Submit your article to this journal Background. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is nearly always fatal. Emerging evidence suggests that human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is present in 90-100% of GBMs and that add-on antiviral treatment for HCMV show promise to improve survival.Methods. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of valganciclovir in 42 GBM patients, blood samples were collected for analyses of HCMV DNA, RNA, reactivity against HCMV peptides, IgG, and IgM at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment.Results. All 42 tumors were positive for HCMV protein. All patients examined had at least one blood sample positive for HCMV DNA, 63% were HCMV RNA positive, and 21% were IgM positive. However, 29% of GBM patients were IgG negative for HCMV. Five of these samples were positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used antigens derived from a clinical isolate. Blood T cells from 11 of 13 (85%) HCMV IgG-negative GBM patients reacted against HCMV peptides. Valganciclovir did not affect IgG titers, DNA, or RNA levels of the HCMV immediate early (HCMV IE) gene in blood.Conclusion. In GBM patients, HCMV activity is higher than in healthy controls and serology is a poor test to define previous or active HCMV infection in these patients.

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Hepatitis C Virus-Multispecific T-Cell Responses without Viremia or Seroconversion among Egyptian Health Care Workers at High Risk of Infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in health-care workers at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in health-care workers at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Frequent Transient Hepatitis C viremia without Seroconversion among Healthcare Workers in Cairo, Egypt

Discordant humoral and cellular immune responses toCytomegalovirus(CMV) in glioblastoma patients whose tumors are positive for CMV

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