Hepatitis E in Italy: A silent presence

Mauceri, Carlo; Clemente, Maria Grazia; Castiglia, Paolo; Antonucci, Roberto; Schwarz, Kathleen B.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.004

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In spite of this, our data confirm the enhanced diffusion of HEV and HAV in MSM, previously described in Rome and contribute to outlining the HEV epidemiology in Italy in this population …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Greco

Renteria

Guarneri

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a feco-orally transmitted pathogen and one of the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Recent studies in developed countries suggested that a direct human-to-human contact such as for sexually transmitted diseases may play a significant role in the HEV spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HEV and HAV in a group of MSM, including subjects HIV, and Treponema infected, in Milan, Italy. The overall anti HEV IgG seroprevalence in MSM was 10.2% (65/636), instead in the control group the detection rate was 5.2% (15/288) (P < 0.05); the anti HAV seroprevalence was 42.8% in MSM, when in the control group the positivity rate was 29.2% (P < 0.05). The rate of coinfection HEV/HAV was 14.6% in MSM and 1% in control group (P < 0.05). In the future, sexual history, HIV status, and STI risk might address specific investigations to prevent spread of pathogens such HEV in MSM, before becoming a substantial public health problem like for HAV outbreaks.

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“…In spite of this, our data confirm the enhanced diffusion of HEV and HAV in MSM, previously described in Rome and contribute to outlining the HEV epidemiology in Italy in this population …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Italian general population the seroprevalence range from 0.12% to 49% with the highest rate in the central region. In particular in Northern Italy the rate is from 1.3% to 9%, while in central‐south Italy from 1.3% to 49 % …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Greco

Renteria

Guarneri

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Of the 28 EU member states, 8 countries have implemented HEV-RNA donor screening (Table 2; November 2012 to April 2018) [16-23]. Six of the remaining 20 EU countries have published blood donor data.…”

Section: Overview Of Eu Blood Donor Screening Methods and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Boland

Martinez

Pomeroy

et al. 2019

Transfus Med Hemother

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This review article summarises hepatitis E virus (HEV) blood donation screening strategies in effect in the European Union (EU). Since 2012, eight EU countries have implemented HEV screening. Local rates of seroprevalence, RNA incidence, and molecular epidemiology are variable and not usually directly comparable. We report a range of HEV-RNA reactivity rates from 1 in 744 donations (France) to 1 in 8,636 donations (Wales) with an overall EU rate of 1 in 3,109 donations (3.2 million donations screened). HEV genotypes 3c, 3e, and 3f are the most frequently reported subtypes. In these 8 countries, both universal (n = 5) and selective (n = 3) screening policies have been introduced utilising either individual donation (ID; n = 1) or mini-pool (MP; n = 7; MP-6, -16, -24, and -96) testing. We also describe the Irish experience of HEV screening utilising an ID-NAT-based donor screening algorithm which intercepts donations even from those with low-level viraemia; 21 of 56 donors (37.5%) had a viral load (VL) < 100 IU/mL. We performed a MP-24 experiment which may prove useful to colleagues in relation to donor screening and associated blood component transmissibility. Irish results indicate that 59% of donors with a HEV-VL < 450 IU/mL may have screened negative in a MP-24.

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“…Others studies showed that this efficiency in GWR method is better than the OLS method. For example, the correlation between some factors and notifications of Dengue in Pakistan was 0.37 in OLS model and 0.49 in GWR model 13 . An aspect to consider is that these correlations can vary in space and time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring local and global regression models to estimate the spatial variability of Zika and Chikungunya cases in Recife, Brazil

Anjos

Nóbrega

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: In this study, we aim to compare spatial statistic models to estimate the spatial distribution of Zika and Chikungunya infections in the city of Recife, Brazil. We also aim to establish the relationship between the diseases and the analyzed geographical conditions. Methods: The models were defined by combining three categories: type of spatial unit, calculation of the dependent variable format, and estimation methods (Geographical Weighted Regression [GWR] and Ordinary Least Square [OLS]). We identified the most accurate model to estimate the spatial distribution of the diseases. After selecting the model that provided best results, the relationship between the geographical conditions and the incidence of the diseases was analyzed. Results: It was observed that the matrix of 100 meters (as the spatial unit) showed the highest efficiency to estimate the diseases. The best results were observed in the models that utilized the kernel density estimation (as the calculation of the dependent variable). In all models, the GWR method showed the best results. By considering the OLS coefficient values, it was observed that all geographical conditions are related to the incidence of Zika and Chikungunya, while the GWR coefficient values showed where this relationship was more noticeable. Conclusions: The model that utilized the combination of the matrix of 100 meters, kernel density estimation (as the calculation of the dependent variable) and GWR method showed the highest efficiency in estimating the spatial distribution of the diseases. The coefficient values showed that all analyzed geographical conditions are related to the illnesses' incidence.

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Hepatitis E in Italy: A silent presence

Cited by 17 publications

References 85 publications

HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Exploring local and global regression models to estimate the spatial variability of Zika and Chikungunya cases in Recife, Brazil

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