Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated factors in rural settlers in Central Brazil

Freitas, Nara Rubia de; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim; Matos, Marcos André de; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Gardinali, Noemi Rovaris; Pinto, Marcelo Alves; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0105-2017

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other risk factors for infection in the general population were living in rural communities (OR 1.63 (1.16–2.30)) [ 54 ], and having a low educational level (OR 2.08 (1.04–4.17) [ 54 ]; PR 1.76 (1.02–3.04) [ 85 ]). Dwelling in a rural settlement for more than 5 years was associated with HEV seropositivity (OR 3.4 (1.2–9.6)) [ 86 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for inflammatory liver disease and can cause severe health problems. Because the seroprevalence of HEV varies within different population groups and between regions of the continent, we conducted a systematic review on the topic in order to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review in PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library and included reports up to 25 May 2021 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173934). We assessed the risk of bias, publication bias, and heterogeneity between studies and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis for proportions using a (binomial-normal) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted by Maximum Likelihood (ML). We also reported other characteristics like genotype and risk factors. Results Of 1212 identified records, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis and 132 in the quantitative analysis. Our random-effects GLMM pooled overall estimate for past infection (IgG) was 7.7% (95% CI 6.4%–9.2%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). We found higher seroprevalence in certain population groups, for example in people with pig related exposure for IgG (ranges from 6.2%–28% and pooled estimate of 13.8%, 95% CI: 7.6%–23.6%), or with diagnosed or suspected acute viral hepatitis for IgM (ranges from 0.3%–23.9% and pooled estimate of 5.5%, 95% CI: 2.0%–14.1%). Increasing age, contact with pigs and meat products, and low socioeconomic conditions are the main risk factors for HEV infection. Genotype 1 and 3 were documented across the region. Conclusion HEV seroprevalence estimates demonstrated high variability within the Americas. There are population groups with higher seroprevalence and reported risk factors for HEV infection that need to be prioritized for further research. Due to human transmission and zoonotic infections in the region, preventive strategies should include water sanitation, occupational health, and food safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“… 4 In addition, many families live in rudimentary housing, devoid of piped water, electricity, selective garbage collection, conditions that favors proliferation and increases chances of contact with rodents. 4 , 5 , 6 In this context of social vulnerability and environmental degradation, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne viruses (hantaviruses and mammarenaviruses) infections in rural settlers from Brazil.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Individuals from seven rural settlement projects established in Perolândia (Lagoa do Bonfim and Três Pontes) and Jataí (Santa Rita, Rio Claro, Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, Terra e Liberdade and Gurita) counties ( Figure ) were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to record their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, as reported previously. 4 , 5 Blood was collected (10 mL) from all participants, and serum samples were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-hantavirus and mammarenavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG). 10 , 11 This study was aproved by the Research and Ethics Committee of Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás number 127/2010, and by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Ethical Committee, number CAAE 61629416.2.1001.5248.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Fernandes

Oliveira

Coelho

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Anthropogenic environmental changes arising from settlement and agriculture include deforestation and replacement of natural vegetation by crops providing opportunities for pathogen spillover from animals to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne virus infections in seven rural settlements from Midwestern Brazil. Of the 466 individuals tested 12 (2.57%) were reactive for orthohantavirus and 3 (0.64%) for mammarenavirus. These rural settlers lived under unfavorable infrastructure, socioeconomic disadvantages, and unsanitary conditions, representing a risk for rodent-borne infections. Development of public policies towards the improvement of health, sanitation and awareness of rodent-borne diseases in improvised camps and settlements is imperative, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.

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“…Three of these studies performed in rural settlements were also focused on current and/or recent infections. The study of the Midwest region found 0% of anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA [ 25 ] and the study of the North found 0.3% of anti-HEV IgM [ 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroprevalence studies focusing on rural settlements (Table 1) found anti-HEV IgG seroprevalences of 12.9% in the North [11], 3.4% [25], 3.9% [23], and 8.4% [26] in the Midwest, and 2.1% [35] and 20.7% [41] in the Southeast. Three of these studies performed in rural settlements were also focused on current and/or recent infections.…”

Section: Hev In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

Moraes

Mesquita

Dutra

et al. 2021

Animals

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Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world with diverse socioeconomic and sanitary conditions, also being the fourth largest pig producer in the world. The aim of the present systematic review was to collect and summarize all HEV published data from Brazil (from 1995 to October 2020) performed in humans, animals, and the environment, in a One Health perspective. A total of 2173 papers were retrieved from five search databases (LILACs, Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) resulting in 71 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Data shows that HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) was the only retrieved genotype in humans, animals, and environment in Brazil. The South region showed the highest human seroprevalence and also the highest pig density and industry, suggesting a zoonotic link. HEV-1 and 2 were not detected in Brazil, despite the low sanitary conditions of some regions. From the present review we infer that HEV epidemiology in Brazil is similar to that of industrialized countries (only HEV-3, swine reservoirs, no waterborne transmission, no association with low sanitary conditions). Hence, we alert for the implementation of HEV surveillance systems in swine and for the consideration of HEV in the diagnostic routine of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans.

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Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated factors in rural settlers in Central Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

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