Hepatitis E virus and hepatitis A virus exposures in an apparently healthy high-risk population in Italy

Rapicetta, Maria; Monarca, Roberto; Kondili, Loreta A.; Chionne, Paola; Madonna, Elisabetta; Madeddu, Giordano; Soddu, Andrea; Candido, Angela; Carbonara, Sergio; Mura, María Stella; Starnini, Giulio; Babudieri, Sergio

doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0385-8

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As in previous studies, we found an association of presence of antibodies against HEV and age ( 1 , 6 ). Higher prevalence among older PWID suggests that there may be age-related exposures independent of injection drug use that increases the likelihood of HEV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Because of the common mode of fecal–oral transmission of HAV and HEV, other studies have also investigated an association between HAV and HEV infections, but results have been inconclusive ( 1 , 5 , 6 ). As in previous studies, we found an association of presence of antibodies against HEV and age ( 1 , 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among marginalized populations, such as persons who inject drugs (PWID) and homeless or incarcerated persons, HEV infection ranges from 5% to 23%, although data have been limited for these groups ( 2 – 6 ). We determined the seroprevalence of and factors associated with IgG against HEV among 18–40-year-old PWID in San Diego, California, USA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis E Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA, 2009–2010

Mahajan¹,

Collier²,

Kamili³

et al. 2013

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis E Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA, 2009–2010

Mahajan¹,

Collier²,

Kamili³

et al. 2013

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…This was also previously shown in many other studies. In most of the countries also the HAV seroprevalence was higher than the HEV seroprevalence, in similar age groups [36–40]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus differs in Dutch and first generation migrant populations in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn the last decade hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. HEV is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. In countries like the Netherlands, HEV infection is suspected to be a zoonosis but HEV may also be introduced by migrants. We studied the seroprevalence of HEV among different migrants, mainly Moroccans and Turks, and compared this to that of the native Dutch population in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.MethodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of the adult Amsterdam population performed in 2004; the Amsterdam Health Monitor. A total of 1199 plasma samples were tested for IgG-and IgM antibodies to HEV using the Wantai kit according to instructions of the manufacturer. Basic demographic data (gender, age, country of birth, and age at immigration) were used in the analyses. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) serology data were available from a previous study.ResultsThe total weighted anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the overall Amsterdam population was 26.7 %, based on 1199 samples. In the study population (not-weighted) this HEV seroprevalence was 157/426 (36.9 %) for the Dutch participants and it was 161/257 (62.6 %) for Moroccans, 99/296 (33.4 %) for Turks and 42/220 (19.1 %) for other ethnicities. HEV seroprevalence increased significantly with age. First-generation Moroccan migrants (44.0 %) had a significantly higher weighted HEV seroprevalence than the Dutch participants (29.7 %). In the first generation Turks (20.3 %) and first generation migrants from other countries (16.7 %) this weighted seroprevalence was lower, but this was only significant for the ‘other ethnicities’. The median age of migration was significantly higher in the Moroccan and Turkish migrants who were HEV IgG positive versus HEV IgG negative. However, when stratifying for age at time of study, median migration age was only significantly different for HEV sero-status for younger Turks and younger ‘other ethnicities’. HEV IgM antibodies were found in 0.6 % (n = 7) of participants and none were positive for HEV RNA, showing that there were no acute infections. Despite the common route of fecal-oral transmission for both viruses, there was no relation between HEV and HAV seropositivity.ConclusionWithin the multi-ethnical capital city of Amsterdam the HEV seroprevalence in first generation migrant populations differed from each other and from the autochthonous Dutch population. The relation between being HEV seropositive and a higher median age of migration suggests that younger migrants got more often infected in their country of origin than in the Netherlands.

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“…In 1990-1991, the etiological agent of such outbreaks was isolated, partially cloned and was labeled hepatitis E virus [28]. HEV is now considered the leading cause of enterically transmitted non-A hepatitis in low socio-economic communities [29] and is considered endemic in developing countries. In these outbreaks, the severe infection during pregnancy maybe linked to the greater virulence of HEV-1 genotype and the genetic repertoire of Asian populations [8].…”

Section: Mode(s) Of Transmission and Endemicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region: an awareness of an infectious threat to blood safety

2015

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In the MENA region, the role of HEV as an infectious threat to blood safety is under-investigated. More data are needed to quantify the risk of transmission and to assess clinical outcomes. This requires, at least, surveillance screening of donors and recipients for HEV markers using sensitive and specific serological tests. At the present time, serious consideration should be given to selective screening for certain groups of patients (e.g., immunocompromised, pregnant women and others) who commonly require blood transfusion and are at high risk of hepatic failure or chronicity from HEV infection.

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Hepatitis E virus and hepatitis A virus exposures in an apparently healthy high-risk population in Italy

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Hepatitis E Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA, 2009–2010

Hepatitis E Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA, 2009–2010

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus differs in Dutch and first generation migrant populations in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study

Hepatitis E virus in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region: an awareness of an infectious threat to blood safety

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