Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Immunosuppressive Therapy

Kounis, Ilias; Renou, Christophe; Nahon, Stéphane; Héluwaert, Frédéric; Macaigne, Gilles; Amil, Morgane; Talom, Stephane; Lambaré, Bénédicte; Charpignon, Claire; Paupard, Thierry; Stetiu, M.; Ripault, Marie Pierre; Yamaga, Armand; Ehrhard, Florent; Audemar, Franck; Correro, Maria Carmen; Zanditenas, David; Skinazi, Florence; Agostini, Hélène; Coilly, Audrey; Roque–Afonso, Anne–Marie

doi:10.3390/pathogens12020332

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Kounis retrospectively studied 488 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were being treated with immunomodulator therapy and reported three cases of HEV IgM positive patients; none had a positive HEV RNA, indicating no cases of chronic HEV infection [115]. This study does not support screening for HEV in patients with IBD who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy.…”

Section: Rheumatological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections

Songtanin,

Molehin,

Brittan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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According to the World Health Organization, approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected annually with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). There are 4 main genotypes of HEV. Genotype 1 and genotype 2 are common in developing countries and are transmitted by contaminated water from a fecal-oral route. Genotype 3 and genotype 4 are common in developed countries and can lead to occasional transmission to humans by undercooked meat. Hepatitis E virus 1 and HEV3 can lead to fulminant hepatitis, and HEV3 can lead to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. The majority of patients with HEV infection are asymptomatic and usually have spontaneous viral clearance without treatment. However, infection in immunocompromised individuals can lead to chronic HEV infection. Both acute and chronic HEV infections can have extrahepatic manifestations. No specific treatment is required for acute HEV infection, no treatment has been approved in chronic infection and no HEV vaccine has been approved by the (United States) Food and Drug Administration. This review focuses on the molecular virology (HEV life cycle, genotypes, model systems, zoonosis), pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment of chronic HEV infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, to provide clinicians a better understanding of the global distribution of these infections and the significant effect they can have on immunocompromised patients.

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Section: Rheumatological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections

Songtanin,

Molehin,

Brittan

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 145 In retrospective, multicenter, observational research of 327 patients with Crohn’s disease and 161 ulcerative colitis individuals from 16 French general hospitals was presented. 146 These French authors established a HEV IgG seroprevalence rate of 14.2% among all patients, and HEV IgM was detected in 0.9%, and HEV RNA was undetectable in all participants. 146 At this stage of knowledge, the number of studies on HEV infection among IBD individuals with IBD is small and are not enough to draw up conclusions and recommendations for this specific patient group.…”

Section: Hev Among Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Alexandrova,

Tsachev,

Kirov

et al. 2024

IDR

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to Hepeviridae family. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are estimated 20 million HEV infections worldwide every year, leading to estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases of HEV infection. The WHO estimates that HEV infection caused approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015, which represents 3.3% of mortality rates due to viral hepatitis. In low-income (LI) countries and lower-middle-income (LMI) countries, HEV is a waterborne infection induced by HEV genotype (gt) 1 and HEV gt 2 that cause large outbreaks and affect young individuals with a high mortality rate in pregnant women from South Asian countries and patients with liver diseases. HEV gt 3, HEV gt 4, and HEV gt 7 are responsible for sporadic infections with zoonotic transmission mainly through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from different animals. Acute HEV infection is relatively asymptomatic or mild clinical form, in rare cases the disease can be moderate/severe clinical forms and result in fulminant hepatitis or acute liver failure (ALF). Furthermore, HEV infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations, including renal and neurological clinical signs and symptoms. Pregnant women, infants, older people, immunocompromised individuals, patients with comorbidities, and workers who come into close contact with HEV-infected animals are recognized as major risk groups for severe clinical form of HEV infection and fatal outcome. Chronic HEV infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals with the possibility of progression to cirrhosis.

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“…Kounis retrospectively studied 488 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were being treated with immunomodulator therapy and reported three cases of HEV IgM-positive patients; none had a positive HEV RNA test, indicating no cases of chronic HEV infection [ 119 ]. This study does not support screening for HEV in patients with IBD who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy.…”

Section: Chronic Hev Infection In Immunocompromised Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Clinical Considerations

Songtanin

Molehin

Brittan

et al. 2023

Viruses

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According to the World Health Organization, approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected annually with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). There are four main genotypes of HEV. Genotype 1 and genotype 2 are common in developing countries and are transmitted by contaminated water from a fecal–oral route. Genotype 3 and genotype 4 are common in developed countries and can lead to occasional transmission to humans via undercooked meat. Hepatitis E virus 1 and HEV3 can lead to fulminant hepatitis, and HEV3 can lead to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. The majority of patients with HEV infection are asymptomatic and usually have spontaneous viral clearance without treatment. However, infection in immunocompromised individuals can lead to chronic HEV infection. Both acute and chronic HEV infections can have extrahepatic manifestations. No specific treatment is required for acute HEV infection, no treatment has been approved in chronic infection, and no HEV vaccine has been approved by the (United States) Food and Drug Administration. This review focuses on the molecular virology (HEV life cycle, genotypes, model systems, zoonosis), pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment of chronic HEV infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, to provide clinicians a better understanding of the global distribution of these infections and the significant effect they can have on immunocompromised patients.

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Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Immunosuppressive Therapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatitis E Virus Infections

Hepatitis E Virus Infections

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Hepatitis E Virus Infections: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Clinical Considerations

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