Hepatitis E virus <scp>ORF</scp> 1 induces proliferative and functional T‐cell responses in patients with ongoing and resolved hepatitis E

Al-Ayoubi, Jana; Behrendt, Patrick; Bremer, Birgit; Suneetha, Pothakamuri Venkata; Gisa, A.; Rinker, F.; Manns, Michael P.; Cornberg, Markus; Wedemeyer, Heiner; Kraft, Anke

doi:10.1111/liv.13521

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…72 However, HEV-specific T cells against ORF1 have also been demonstrated. 71 Interestingly, HEV genotype 3-infected patients mount detectable responses upon stimulation with genotype 1-derived peptides and vice versa, suggesting cross-genotype protection. 68,72 The generation of HEV-specific B and T cell responses, along with anti-HEV treatments, likely exerts a selective pressure towards HEV genome variability, leading to an increased virus quasispecies, and subsequently influences HEV adaptation and pathogenesis.…”

Section: Hev-specific T Cell Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These targeted epitopes are mostly located at relatively conserved regions of the HEV genome . However, HEV‐specific T cells against ORF1 have also been demonstrated . Interestingly, HEV genotype 3‐infected patients mount detectable responses upon stimulation with genotype 1‐derived peptides and vice versa , suggesting cross‐genotype protection .…”

Section: Adaptive Immunity Against Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dysfunctional HEV‐specific T cell responses have been found in chronic HEV‐infected patients and are associated with high HEV‐antigen levels . It needs to be further investigated whether these dysfunctional HEV‐specific T cell responses were specifically due to chronic HEV or due to immunosuppressive therapy in general.…”

Section: Adaptive Immunity Against Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such approaches have been employed for treating cancer and chronic HBV infection . Identification and optimization of the target epitopes are essential in designing peptide‐based T cell vaccines against HEV . These vaccine strategies may be useful for chronic HEV patients.…”

Section: Immune‐based Therapies For Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functionality of these HEV-specific T cell responses has been demonstrated in vitro, as characterized by proliferation and cytokine production, including TNFα and IFNγ. [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] Noteworthy, the frequency as well as the overall strength and breadth of these responses vary between studies, reflecting the different assays and HEV-derived proteins (peptides) used for in vitro stimulation.…”

Section: Hev-specific T Cell Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

Hakim

Ikram

Zhou

et al. 2017

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and an emerging cause of chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. As with viral infections in general, immune responses are critical to determine the outcome of HEV infection. Accumulating studies in cell culture, animal models and patients have improved our understanding of HEV immunopathogenesis and informed the development of new antiviral therapies and effective vaccines. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on innate and adaptive immunity in HEV infection, and the implications for the devolopment of effective vaccines and immune-based therapies.

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Section: Hev-specific T Cell Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptive Immunity Against Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptive Immunity Against Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune‐based Therapies For Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hev-specific T Cell Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

Hakim

Ikram

Zhou

et al. 2017

Reviews in Medical Virology

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CD8⁺ lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes are required for protection against chronic hepatitis E virus infection in chickens

Rogers

Todd

Pierson

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E is an important global disease, causing outbreaks of acute hepatitis in many developing countries and sporadic cases in industrialized countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection typically causes self-limiting acute hepatitis but can also progress to chronic disease in immunocompromised individuals. The immune response necessary for the prevention of chronic infection is T cell-dependent; however, the arm of cellular immunity responsible for this protection is not currently known. To investigate the contribution of humoral immunity in control of HEV infection and prevention of chronicity, we experimentally infected 20 wild-type (WT) and 18 immunoglobulin knockout (JH-KO) chickens with a chicken strain of HEV (avian HEV). Four weeks postinfection (wpi) with avian HEV, JH-KO chickens were unable to elicit anti-HEV antibody but had statistically significantly lower liver lesion scores than the WT chickens. At 16 wpi, viral RNA in fecal material and liver, and severe liver lesions were undetectable in both groups. To determine the role of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the prevention of chronicity, we infected 20 WT and 20 cyclosporine and CD8 + antibody-treated chickens with the same strain of avian HEV. The CD8 + lymphocyte-depleted, HEV-infected chickens had higher incidences of prolonged fecal viral shedding and statistically significantly higher liver lesion scores than the untreated, HEV-infected birds at 16 wpi. The results indicate that CD8 + lymphocytes are required for viral clearance and reduction of liver lesions in HEV infection while antibodies are not necessary for viral clearance but may contribute to the development of liver lesions in acute HEV infection. K E Y W O R D S avian HEV, CD8 + lymphocytes, chronic infection, hepatitis E virus How to cite this article: Rogers E, Todd SM, Pierson FW, et al. CD8 + lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes are required for protection against chronic hepatitis E virus infection in chickens.

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Rodent‐borne viruses in the region of Middle East

AL-Eitan

Alnemri

Alkhawaldeh

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Rodents are one of the most abundant mammal species in the world. They form more than two‐fifth of all mammal species and there are approximately 4600 existing rodent species. Rodents are capable of transmitting deadly diseases, especially those that are caused by viruses. Viruses and their consequences have plagued the world for the last two centuries, three pandemics occurred during the last century only. The Middle East is situated at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, along with the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, its geographic importance is gained through the diversity of topographies, biosphere, as well as climate aspects that make the region vulnerable to host emerging diseases. Refugee crises also play a major role in expected epidemic outbreaks in the region. Public health has always been the most important priority, and our aim in this review is to raise awareness among public health organisations across the Middle East about the dangers of rodent borne diseases that have been reported or are suspected to be found in the region.

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Hepatitis E virus ORF 1 induces proliferative and functional T‐cell responses in patients with ongoing and resolved hepatitis E

Abstract: HEV-specific T-cell responses are detectable against the entire HEV genome including the non-structural proteins. HEV-specific T-cell responses are associated with control of HEV infection. These findings have implications for the design of HEV vaccines.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

CD8⁺ lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes are required for protection against chronic hepatitis E virus infection in chickens

Rodent‐borne viruses in the region of Middle East

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Hepatitis E virus ORF 1 induces proliferative and functional T‐cell responses in patients with ongoing and resolved hepatitis E

Abstract: HEV-specific T-cell responses are detectable against the entire HEV genome including the non-structural proteins. HEV-specific T-cell responses are associated with control of HEV infection. These findings have implications for the design of HEV vaccines.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

CD8+ lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes are required for protection against chronic hepatitis E virus infection in chickens

Rodent‐borne viruses in the region of Middle East

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Product

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CD8⁺ lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes are required for protection against chronic hepatitis E virus infection in chickens