Herbal Active Ingredients: An Emerging Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common subtype of differentiated thyroid cancers in Asian coastal cities, where the patients have increased risk of potentially high or excessive iodine intake. Given the high metastasis and recurrence of patients with BRAFV600E mutation, the mortality rate of thyroid cancer has recently shown an upward trend. A variety of therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have been used to treat thyroid cancer, but these therapies still have limitations, including postoperative complications, drug resistance, poor efficacy, or serious side effects. Recent studies have shown the potential of active ingredients derived from herbal medicine in inhibiting PTC via various cell signaling pathways. Some plant-derived compounds, such as apigenin, genistein, and curcumin, are also known to prevent and treat PTC. This article summarizes the recent advances in the structure-functional impact of anti-PTC active ingredients and their effects on PTC cells and tumor microenvironments with an emphasis on their challenges from basic research to clinical practice.

Targeting ER Stress with Saikosaponin A to Overcome Resistance under Radiation in Gastric Cancer Cells

“…Moreover, both chemotherapy and radiotherapy cause many side effects, such as the death of normal cells, fatigue, weight change, pain, gastrointestinal problems, and hair loss [ 5 ]. Therefore, herbal or natural medicine, specifically the use of natural or herbal compounds extracted from plants, may be a potential strategy to reduce the side effects of these therapies [ 6 , 7 ].…”

miR‐4443 targets TRIM14 to suppress metastasis and energy metabolism of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in vitro

“…Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent of all endocrine system malignancies. PTC is initiated from thyroid follicular epithelial cells and represents 70%-80% of all subtypes of thyroid cancers (TCs) (Yang et al, 2020). Reasonable surgery is preferred for patients with stage T3 and T4 PTC without metastatic differentiation; however, for locally advanced or metastatic PTC, chemotherapy is unavoidable, but is often concomitant with resistance (Giuffrida et al, 2016).…”

CircLDLR Promotes Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Tumorigenicity by Regulating miR-637/LMO4 Axis

“…Thyroid cancer is the most common type of human malignancies in endocrine system and is histologically categorized into papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer [ 1 , 2 ], among which, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinomas with a rising prevalence at an average annual rate of nearly 4% in recent years [ 1 , 2 ]. Early PTC has relatively good survival, while the 5-year survival rate of PTC with advanced stage is only 59% [ 3 ].…”