Herbal drink formulation optimization of Trollius chinensis Bunge by sensory fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Abstract

Background. Trollius chinensis Bunge is a common herbal plant used for pharmaceutical and food resources in China. The dry flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge are also treated as a traditional Chinese tea for daily drinking, yet the Trollius chinensis Bunge tea will exhibit a bitter taste in a certain concentration range and is not always accepted among consumers. The aim of the study was to design a herbal drink with a good flavor and optimize the formulation. Materials and methods. Trollius chinensis Bunge was purchased and ground. The sensory fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the orthogonal test were applied to optimize the formulation of the Trollius chinensis Bunge herbal drink. Results. The results showed that the optimum formulation was as follows: an addition amount of Trollius chinensis Bunge extract solution of 30%; an addition amount of mint extract solution of 4%; an addition amount of liquorice extract solution of 7%; an addition amount of sugar of 3%; an addition amount of citric acid of 0.15%. The polysaccharide content decreased with an increase in storage time; the stability of the polysaccharides was not significantly affected by storage temperature (P > 0.05). The pH value of the samples was significantly affected by storage temperature (P < 0.01), which was basically unchanged at 4°C and 25°C, and relatively large at 37°C; the stability of color was significantly affected by temperature (0.01 < P < 0.05). Conclusion. Sensory fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is an useful evaluation method in optimizing the formulation of a herbal drink. These results provide some theoretical basis for the food product development of Trollius chinensis Bunge.

The Effects of Pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) from Different Production Areas on the Volatile Flavor Compounds of Fried Pepper Oils Based on HS-SPME–GC–MS and Multivariate Statistical Method

“…The establishment of the fuzzy mathematical model [35]: taking the spicy fragrance, fresh grassy fragrance, floral and fruity, fresh sweet fragrance, and fatty aroma as the factor set, and expressing this as U, then U = {u1, u2, u3, u4, u5}. In addition, the method of Yang Liu et al [35] and Zhu Youzhen et al [36] is referred to for the distribution of the weight coefficients of each attribute in the sensory analysis, namely, the weight set X = {0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.1}, where u1 is the spicy fragrance, u2 is the fresh grassy fragrance, u3 is floral and fruity, u4 is the fresh sweet fragrance, and u5 is fatty aroma.…”

Trollius chinensis Bunge: A Comprehensive Review of Research on Botany, Materia Medica, Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control

“…It usually grows in peatlands, swamps, wet meadows, and banks of reservoirs, as well as in mountain areas up to the alpine zone [ 6 ]. T. chinensis , with its significant ornamental and health-related compounds, is highly esteemed for applications in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries [ 7 ]. Traditionally, the Chinese have employed T. chinensis for medicinal and tea purposes, dating back to the Qing Dynasty and recorded in Supplements to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Qing Dynasty) as “bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic, mainly used for heat-clearing and detoxicating” [ 1 , 7 ].…”

“…T. chinensis , with its significant ornamental and health-related compounds, is highly esteemed for applications in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries [ 7 ]. Traditionally, the Chinese have employed T. chinensis for medicinal and tea purposes, dating back to the Qing Dynasty and recorded in Supplements to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Qing Dynasty) as “bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic, mainly used for heat-clearing and detoxicating” [ 1 , 7 ]. It holds a prominent place in pharmacies, is frequently referenced in medical literature, and is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Edition 2020) with five Chinese patent medicines.…”

“…For instance, the flavonoid metabolite(s) Orientin and poncirin found in T. chinensis exhibited significant antiviral activity against parainfluenza type 3 (Para 3) [10]. Additionally, researchers have identified seventeen new labdane diterpenoid glycosides A-Q (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) in the dried flowers of T. chinensis, possessing therapeutic, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, establishing T. chinensis as a common anti-inflammatory drug and health tea [14,15]. The flowers have traditional uses in treating respiratory infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and bronchitis in Chinese medicine [11].…”