Herbicide Tolerance Options for Weed Control in Lanza® Tedera

Abstract

Tedera is a drought-tolerant perennial forage legume introduced in Australia in 2006. In October 2018, T15-1218 Lanza®, the world’s first tedera variety, was released by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and Meat & Livestock Australia for commercial use. A key agronomic practise for the successful establishment and adoption of tedera is to have a robust herbicide package to control a range of grass and broadleaf weeds well tolerated by tedera. A total of 9 pre-emergent and 44 post-emergent herbicide treatments were evaluated in eight experiments from 2017 to 2021. To control grasses such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), propyzamide and carbetamide can be recommended for pre- or post-emergent applications and butroxydim, clethodim, and haloxyfop for post-emergent applications. The broadleaf pre-emergent herbicides recommended are clopyralid to control emerged capeweed (Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns), fomesafen to control pre-emergent wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), and the double mix of fomesafen + diuron, flumetsulam + diuron, and the triple mix of fomesafen + diuron + flumetsulam to control pre-emergent capeweed, pre- and post-emergent wild radish, and other broadleaf weeds. The most consistently well tolerated post-emergent herbicides by tedera seedlings and adult plants were diflufenican, diuron, flumetsulam, fomesafen, and their two- or three-way mixes that will provide good control of capeweed and wild radish. Desiccants such as paraquat or diquat were also well tolerated by 1-year-old tedera plants that recovered after being desiccated.

LANZA® Tedera Is Strongly Suppressed by Competition from Lolium multiflorum and Is Best Adapted to Light-Textured Soils

“…The overall main alternatives could be (i) crop rotations to reduce weed burden, (ii) leaving the fields fallow during the season before sowing to avoid seed production of forbs and grasses, (iii) strategic grazing management, and (iv) the use of herbicides. Recently, Real et al [27] have provided options for a herbicide package for weed control in LANZA ® . They found that propyzamide and carbetamide as pre-or post-emergent applications and butroxydim, clethodim, and haloxyfop for post-emergent applications can be recommended to control grasses such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) [27].…”

“…Recently, Real [25] demonstrated that this species could be established using machinery commonly used for cereal establishment and provided information about fertilization requirements [26] and herbicide tolerance [27].…”

Pyroxasulfone Metabolism in Resistant Lolium rigidum: Is It All Down to GST Activity?

“…With pyroxasulfone recently coming off-patent and its inclusion in new herbicide formulations, its use in cropping, and therefore the risk of resistance evolution in agricultural weeds, is expected to increase. The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of several L.…”

“…In both wheat and L. rigidum, the belowground tissues had significantly higher GST pyrox activity than the green tissues, and a proteomic study indicated that an orthologue of Brachypodium distachyon GSTF13 may be responsible for the GST pyrox activity in the seeds and radicles of L. rigidum. 17 With pyroxasulfone recently coming off-patent and its inclusion in new herbicide formulations, 18 its use in cropping, and therefore the risk of resistance evolution in agricultural weeds, is expected to increase. The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of several L. rigidum populations with suspected field-evolved pyroxasulfone resistance to conjugate the herbicide to GSH and investigate whether GSTF13-like isoforms are involved in conjugation.…”

Critical P, K and S Concentrations in Soil and Shoot Samples for Optimal Tedera Productivity and Nodulation

“…The animal production research concluded that: (a) grazing tedera did not cause any ill-effect to the grazing animals even when grazed as a sole diet or in mixtures at different times of the year [9][10][11] and (b) tedera proved to be a valuable summer and autumn feed for sheep in Mediterranean-like climates [5]. The agronomy package for a newly domesticated species needs to cover all aspects of crop production, such as establishment techniques [12], herbicide tolerance [13], harvesting technologies under local conditions and an understanding of the P, K and S requirements for optimum production.…”