2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.09.017
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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

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Cited by 47 publications
(63 citation statements)
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References 68 publications
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“…Of those with a pathogenic mutation, 61% have ENG mutations, 37% have ACVRL1 mutations, and 2% have MADH4 mutations; 20 very small minorities of patients have pathogenic mutations in other genes, described below. Over 600 different mutations have been uncovered in ENG and ACVRL1 in all exons as well as exon/intron boundaries and splice-sites.…”
Section: Pathogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Of those with a pathogenic mutation, 61% have ENG mutations, 37% have ACVRL1 mutations, and 2% have MADH4 mutations; 20 very small minorities of patients have pathogenic mutations in other genes, described below. Over 600 different mutations have been uncovered in ENG and ACVRL1 in all exons as well as exon/intron boundaries and splice-sites.…”
Section: Pathogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20,22,23 Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9, also known as growth differentiation factor 2 or GDF2), encoded by BMP9 (also called GDF2 ), is a ligand for the ACVRL1 gene product ALK1. Consequently, mutations in BMP9/GDF2 result in the clinical manifestations of HHT and are referred to as HHT-5.…”
Section: Pathogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dabei kommt es zunächst zur Dilatation postkapillärer Venolen und in der Folge zur Erweiterung des vorgeschalteten Kapillarbetts sowie der Arteriolen. Am Ende dieses Prozesses entstehen arteriovenöse (AV-) Malformationen mit extrem dünnen und vulnerablen Gefäßwänden, denen das zwischengeschaltete Kapillarbett fehlt [2]. Diese endonasalen Shuntverbindungen nehmen im Krankheitsverlauf an Größe zu.…”
Section: Pathogeneseunclassified
“…Bei etwa 1-10 % der HHT-Patienten können zerebrale vaskuläre Malformationen (CVM) gefunden werden, von denen wiederum etwa 50 % im Verlauf symptomatisch werden [40]. Am häufigsten sind bei HHT zerebrale (mikro-) arteriovenöse Malformationen, Fisteln und Teleangiektasien festzustellen [2]. Ziel des Screenings ist es, frühzeitig CVMs zu identifizieren und zu therapieren, die im Krankheitsverlauf zu lebensbedrohlichen zerebralen Blutungen führen können.…”
Section: Zentrales Nervensystemunclassified
“…About 61% of HHT patients carry ENG mutation, these cases are classified as HHT1. 14 According to the online database (http://arup.utah.edu/database/ENG/ENG_display.php), more than 505 variants of ENG were found in human genetic database, with 65% of which are pathogenic mutations. Nonsense and missense mutations accounted for 30% of the total pathogenic mutations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%