HERO: high-energy replicated optics for a hard-x-ray balloon payload

Ramsey, Brian D.; Alexander, Cheryl D.; Apple, Jeff; Austin, Robert; Benson, C. M.; Dietz, Kurtis L.; Elsner, Ronald F.; Engelhaupt, Darell; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; O’Dell, Stephen L.; Speegle, Chet O.; Swartz, Douglas A.; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Zirnstein, G.

doi:10.1117/12.407554

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…During the last decade, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has refined the process and developed significant infrastructure and experience. [37][38][39][40] Recently, we have leveraged the MSFC capabilities to manufacture prototype optics specifically intended for small-animal radionuclide imaging.…”

Section: Electroformed Nickel Replicated Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of focusing x-ray and gamma-ray optics for small animal imaging

et al. 2005

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Significant effort is currently being devoted to the development of noninvasive imaging systems that allow in vivo assessment of biological and biomolecular interactions in mice and other small animals. Ideally, one would like to discern these functional and metabolic relationships with in vivo radionuclide imaging at spatial resolutions approaching those that can be obtained using the anatomical imaging techniques (i.e., <100 µm), which would help to answer outstanding questions in many areas of biomedicine.In this paper, we report progress on our effort to develop high-resolution focusing X-ray and gamma-ray optics for small-animal radionuclide imaging. The use of reflective optics, in contrast to methods that rely on absorptive collimation like single-or multiple-pinhole cameras, decouples spatial resolution from sensitivity (efficiency). Our feasibility studies have refined and applied ray-tracing routines to design focusing optics for small animal studies. We also have adopted a replication technique to manufacture the X-ray mirrors, and which in experimental studies have demonstrated a spatial resolution of ∼190 µm. We conclude that focusing optics can be designed and fabricated for gamma-ray energies, and with spatial resolutions, and field of view suitable for in vivo biological studies. While the efficiency of a single optic is limited, fabrication methods now are being developed that may make it possible to develop imaging systems with multiple optics that could collect image data over study times that would be practical for performing radionuclide studies of small animals.

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Section: Electroformed Nickel Replicated Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of focusing x-ray and gamma-ray optics for small animal imaging

et al. 2005

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“…In a Wolter-I design (Wolter 1952), incoming photons undergo two reflections, the first from a parabolic surface and the second from a hyperbolic surface, to give an image that is essentially coma free. One approach developed to construct this design is to produce full-shell, shallow-graze-angle, gold-coated replicated mirrors by using electroformed nickel replication (Ramsey et al 1999, Ramsey et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Method for Calculating Residual Stress and Deformation in Space Hardware on Earth

Britz¹,

Gilbert²,

Ooi³

2012

J. Aerosp. Eng.

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Many times in testing space hardware it is desirable to quantify residual von Mises stresses and deformation in a test article which will ultimately be placed in a micro-gravity environment. When testing in a 1-g environment the stresses and deformations include the contributions due to weight. This investigation demonstrates a hybrid method used to identify the residual von Mises and deformations that reflect a no weight condition. To this end, an example of a hard X-ray space mirror is presented to demonstrate this hybrid method which combines finite element analysis with experimental profile measurements, made under gravity loading, on a prototype formed by electroforming a thin shell on a cylindrical aluminum mandrel.

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“…Some telescopes of the new generation have already flown with attitude control systems specifically designed for high resolution guiding [7,9]. In a recent work [3] it was demonstrated that arc-sec level pointing precision can indeed be achieved even in daytime conditions, using dedicated star camera systems.…”

Section: Introduction -The Hipeg Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a high update-rate star sensor for arcsec-level attitude determination from balloon-borne X/γ astronomy platforms

et al. 2006

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This paper describes the design of a star sensor based upon a high dynamic range CCD in order to reach an arcsec-level attitude determination in balloonborne missions. A custom star identification software was developed and laboratorytested on a prototype assembled using commercial components. A set of numerical simulations have been carried out to study the dependence on the pointing precision of the centroid position accuracy, the number of detected stars and the effect of the image focusing. Moreover, the role of the electronic noise and the discrete pixel structure on the light signals is identified by the analysis of numerical simulations. Laboratory tests confirm that the arcsec pointing accuracy with a 1 Hz update rate can be achieved with our combination of custom-developed software and selected hardware components.

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HERO: high-energy replicated optics for a hard-x-ray balloon payload

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Progress of focusing x-ray and gamma-ray optics for small animal imaging

Progress of focusing x-ray and gamma-ray optics for small animal imaging

A Hybrid Method for Calculating Residual Stress and Deformation in Space Hardware on Earth

Design of a high update-rate star sensor for arcsec-level attitude determination from balloon-borne X/γ astronomy platforms

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