Herpes simplex virus type 1 in subgingival plaque and periodontal diseases. Meta‐analysis of observational studies

Abstract

Background and objectives:This meta-analysis of observational studies (PROSPERO registration number CRD42021236054) sought to investigate strength and generalizability of the association of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in subjects with plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis, since the data from literature are contrasting. Material and methods:Case-control and cross-sectional studies, investigating HSV-1 in subgingival plaque/crevicular fluid and periodontal status, were searched through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. From each study the crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95CI) was extracted, and the pooled OR was assessed for periodontitis, chronic and aggressive, and gingivitis. The meta-analytic method was chosen based on the level of heterogeneity. The generalizability of results, determined by the meta-analysis bias, was investigated through secondary analyses including sensitivity analyses for study quality, publication bias, and study inclusion, and subgroup analyses for quality of scientific journals that published the primary studies, world Region, subgingival plaque sampling method and study design.Results: Twelve studies were included (738 cases, 551 controls). The pooled ORs were 4.4 (95CI, 1.9-10.2) for any periodontitis; specifically, 2.8 (95CI, 1.0-8.3) for chronic periodontitis, 11.8 (95CI,) for aggressive periodontitis and 4.8 (95CI, 2.1-11.0) for gingivitis. These estimates were statistically significant, excluding for chronic periodontitis, resulting marginally significant (p = .05). Secondary analyses on any and aggressive periodontitis, and, partly, chronic periodontitis corroborated the results, while the material was insufficient for secondary analyses on gingivitis. Conclusions:The results obtained indicated that HSV-1 is associated with periodontitis, while data about gingivitis are inconclusive. HSV-1 investigation in subgingival plaque could help assess periodontitis risk and severity and, if causal association were confirmed, could contribute to its control.

Association of Herpesvirus and Periodontitis: A Clinical and Laboratorial Case–Control Study

“…A recent meta-analysis investigating the association of HSV-1 and periodontal diseases, estimated increased odds ratios of HSV-1 prevalence of 4.4 for any periodontitis (95% confidence interval, 1.9–10.2), 2.8 for chronic periodontitis (95% confidence interval, 1.0–8.3), and 11.8 for aggressive periodontitis (95% confidence interval, 5.4–25.8). 37 The results of the present study are in line with the findings of the meta-analysis, also registering a significant increase in the prevalence of HSV-1 in periodontitis patients compared with healthy patients.…”

“…Currently, numerous studies infer that an active viral infection can trigger a crisis on periodontal tissues. 8 12 15 16 17 24 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Viruses are not seen as the main etiological factor of the disease, but as an adjuvant in its severity and clinical progression. 12…”

“…Currently, numerous studies infer that an active viral infection can trigger a crisis on periodontal tissues. 8,12,[15][16][17]24,28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Viruses are not seen as the main etiological factor of the disease, but as an adjuvant in its severity and clinical progression. 12 To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first clinical and laboratorial studies to report the distribution of DNA of Herpesviridae family viruses in periodontally compromised patients using the new classification for periodontal disease.…”

“…Considering the outcome variables and based on the clinical evaluation, the patients were classified according to their periodontal status (healthy group and periodontally compromised group) and periodontitis staging according to the World workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions (stages I to IV). 1,2 Considering the exposure variables, the demographic variables collected were sex (female and male) and age, defined as the number of life years and recorded in an ordinal scale ( [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and !46 years). The information on diabetes was collected based on the potential influence on the periodontal outcome.…”

Organotypic model of the gingiva for studying bacterial and viral pathogens implicated in periodontitis

“…Next, we determined whether the 3D gingival model can serve as a model for tissue infection by viral pathogens. Herpes viruses have been linked with periodontitis [ 9 ], therefore we selected HSV-1 as a model of a viral pathogen. First, we mock-infected the OTG model or treated it with HSV-1 for 2 h at 37°C to allow virus adsorption and penetration.…”