Herpesvirus Hepatitis in Rat Kangaroos

Dickson, John G.; Hopkinson, W.I.; Coackley, W.; Spence, T. F.; Fairfax, R

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1980.tb02657.x

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Macropodid herpesviruses (MaHV) have been associated with outbreaks of severe disease within captive macropod populations in Australia. Two alphaherpesvirus species have previously been described in Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies) in Australia: macropodid herpesvirus 1 (MaHV1) and macropodid herpesvirus 2 (MaHV2) 1–7 …”

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Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

et al. 2011

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A gammaherpesvirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in ocular, nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from an adult free-ranging male eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) with clinical signs of severe respiratory disease. This is the first time a gammaherpesvirus has been detected in a free-ranging macropod in Australia. The nucleotide sequence of a conserved region of the DNA polymerase gene of the detected virus showed a high degree of identity to a gammaherpesvirus recently detected in a zoological collection of eastern grey kangaroos in North America. The detection of this gammaherpesvirus in a free-ranging, native eastern grey kangaroo provides evidence that this species is a natural host.

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Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

et al. 2011

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“…Within the Alphaherpesvirinae, MaHV-1 and -2 are closely associated with those herpesviruses that infect primates. This phylogenetic relationship does not fit the constraints of the proposed co-evolution theory described for other members of the Alphaherpesvirinae which have mammalian hosts.Macropodid herpesviruses (MaHVs) have been implicated in fatal disease outbreaks amongst the captive marsupial populations of Australia (Finnie et al, 1976 ;Dickson et al, 1980). These outbreaks have resulted in the isolation of nine MaHVs which have been classified into two species called macropodid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (MaHV-1 and MaHV-2) (Johnson & Whalley, 1990).…”

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“…Macropodid herpesviruses (MaHVs) have been implicated in fatal disease outbreaks amongst the captive marsupial populations of Australia (Finnie et al, 1976 ;Dickson et al, 1980). These outbreaks have resulted in the isolation of nine MaHVs which have been classified into two species called macropodid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (MaHV-1 and MaHV-2) (Johnson & Whalley, 1990).…”

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Macropodid herpesviruses 1 and 2 occupy unexpected molecular phylogenic positions within the Alphaherpesvirinae.

Mahony

Smith

Thomson

1999

Journal of General Virology

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The molecular phylogeny of macropodid herpesviruses 1 and 2 (MaHV-1 and -2) has been investigated by cloning and sequencing the genes encoding glycoprotein B from both viruses. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the putative amino acid sequences of glycoprotein B indicate that MaHV-1 and -2 are most closely related to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Within the Alphaherpesvirinae, MaHV-1 and -2 are closely associated with those herpesviruses that infect primates. This phylogenetic relationship does not fit the constraints of the proposed co-evolution theory described for other members of the Alphaherpesvirinae which have mammalian hosts.Macropodid herpesviruses (MaHVs) have been implicated in fatal disease outbreaks amongst the captive marsupial populations of Australia (Finnie et al., 1976 ;Dickson et al., 1980). These outbreaks have resulted in the isolation of nine MaHVs which have been classified into two species called macropodid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (MaHV-1 and MaHV-2) (Johnson & Whalley, 1990). Serological evidence indicates that these viruses are widespread among Australian kangaroos and wallabies (family Macropodidae) (Webber & Whalley, 1978 ;Wilks et al., 1981). MaHV-1 and -2 are represented by isolates from the parma wallaby (Macropus parma) and the dorcopsis wallaby (Dorcopsis meulleri luctuosa), respectively (Finnie et al., 1976 ;Wilks et al., 1981).The family Herpesviridae is a large group of viruses that have double-stranded DNA genomes. Biological characteristics such as host symptoms, site of replication and site of e-mail mahonyt!dpi.qld.gov.auThe nucleotide sequence data for glycoprotein B from MaHV-1 and -2 reported in this paper have been deposited in GenBank and assigned the accession nos AF061754 and AF061755 respectively. latency have been used to describe three major subfamilies, Alpha-, Beta-and Gammaherpesvirinae, within the family Herpesviridae. Biological characteristics have been used to place MaHV-1 and -2 within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae.The Herpesviridae is the best characterized at the molecular level of all the large DNA virus families. As a result the molecular phylogeny of the Herpesviridae has been well studied (McGeoch et al., 1995). Current models of mammalian Alphaherpesvirinae evolution indicate that members of this subfamily have co-evolved with their respective hosts (McGeoch et al., 1995). Consequently, this hypothesis predicts that the molecular evolutionary pattern of the Alphaherpesvirinae reflects that of their hosts. Importantly, the molecular datum used to elucidate these relationships has been derived from Alphaherpesvirinae which infect eutherian mammals. Absent from this literature is the molecular phylogenetic position of alphaherpesviruses which infect metatherian mammals (marsupials). It has been estimated that eutherian mammals and marsupials diverged from a common ancestor approximately 130 million years before present (MYBP) (Janke et al., 1997) whereas the divergence of the Alphaherpesvirinae which infect eutherian mammals from a common ances...

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“…MaHV-1 replicates preferentially in marsupial cells over eutherian cells in vitro (Whalley & Webber 1979), although its infectivity in eutherian mammals in vivo has yet to be investigated. The clinical manifestations of infection in macropods range from herpes-like vesicles around the mouth, nose and anogenital regions to pneumonia, hepatitis and death (Finnie et al 1976;Dickson et al 1980;Smith et al 2008). Transmission in naturally occurring infections is through direct social contact between infected and susceptible animals.…”

Section: Recombinant Macropodid Herpesvirus (Mahv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Could recombinant technology facilitate the realisation of a fertility-control vaccine for possums?

Cross

Zheng

Duckworth

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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While lethal control remains the primary tool for possum control in New Zealand, there has been substantial research effort over the last decade into controlling possum populations by reducing the animals' breeding potential. In particular, the potential of immunological control to reduce fertility has been investigated, whereby the possums' immune system is induced to react against its reproductive system, in order to block or destroy key components of the reproductive process. Two of the most targeted key components have been the blocking of circulating hormones (e.g. gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) and the inhibition of functional egg surface proteins (e.g. zona pellucida). While some success has been achieved for each approach, three main obstacles remain to the development of a working fertility-control vaccine for possums: first, ensuring that the vaccine remains efficacious in oral-delivery formulation; second, ensuring sufficient levels of fertility reduction; and third, ensuring that the induced immune response is sustained for a duration sufficient for long-term suppression of reproduction. The use of a genetically modified recombinant organism (parasite, bacterium or virus) to deliver a fertility-control vaccine could satisfy these requirements. A strong precedent for this approach has been set already in wildlife biology, namely the oral rabies vaccine, which is based on a recombinant vaccinia virus and which has been used successfully for the last 25 years as a disease-eliminating vaccine in mesocarnivores in Europe and North America. This review outlines the different forms and examples of recombinant organisms with potential for engineering into recombinant fertilitycontrol vaccines to reduce possum reproduction; non-transmissible agents or fully-transmissible vectors are discussed, with shortcomings and benefits outlined for each.

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Herpesvirus Hepatitis in Rat Kangaroos

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

Macropodid herpesviruses 1 and 2 occupy unexpected molecular phylogenic positions within the Alphaherpesvirinae.

Could recombinant technology facilitate the realisation of a fertility-control vaccine for possums?

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