“…Despite extensive research and general scholarly agreement that complementary capabilities are essential to successful offshoring innovation collaborations (Cobena, Gallego, & Casanueva, 2017;Jap, 1999;Mindruta, Moeen, & Agarwal, 2016;Mitsuhashi & Greve, 2009;Nietoa & Santamaria, 2007;Rothaermel & Boeker, 2008;Van Beers & Zand, 2014), the role of suppliers' complementary capabilities remains underexplored in the case of offshoring innovation (OI) in SMEs (Gusenbauer, Massini, & Fink, 2015;Musteen & Ahsan, 2013). We envision OI as the act of transferring to the offshore supplier any element of the innovation process, including collaborative research and development (R&D), supplier involvement in new product development (NPD) and the commercialisation of innovations (Gusenbauer et al, 2015;Quinn, 2000).…”