“…Potential bottlenecks are the codon usage of the heterologous gene (Sun et al, 2016), the gene copy number, efficient transcription and translation, processing and folding and final secretion out of the cell and protein turnover by proteolysis (Hohenblum et al, 2004; Aw and Polizzi, 2013). Among them, a commonly used approach to improve the expression level in P. pastoris is to increase the copy number of the expression cassette, which was shown to be effective in many cases (Clare et al, 1991; Marx et al, 2009; Nordén et al, 2011; Aw and Polizzi, 2013).…”