Heterosis, Correlations and Path Analysis of Grain Yield Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Seven genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used (SK 95, Side14, Side 12, SK94, Giemiza 9, Giemiza 7, Al-Fayyad) and their 21 crosses from half diallel crosses, and they were planted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture. Agriculture - University of Kirkuk, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates in order to study the hybrid vigor, the genetic and phenotypic correlation, and the path analysis of the grain yield components. It is noted from the results that the hybrid 2*6 had the heterosis deviation from the average of the parents and the best of them are significant and in the desired direction in the number of active tillers plant-1, the number of grains spikes-1 and grain yield, and the genetic and phenotypic correlation was positive for the significant number of active tillers plant-1, the number of spikelet's spike-1 and the number of grain spike-1, and significant positive for the weight of 1000 grains with the grains yield plant-1, and the highest genetic and phenotypic correlation value of the number of grains spike-1 was 0.8** and 0.785**, respectively with grain yield, and when the correlations were divided into direct and indirect effects, the number of grains spikes-1 had the highest direct effect, which confirms the possibility of adopting it as a selective indicator to improve grain yield.

Spraying Different Combinations of Glutamate and Arginine on Yield Traits and Components of Several Genotypes of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Also , processed food was diverted more towards (flowers), which contributed the increasing of number of heading spike and reducing their death. These results were agreed with results of [27] and [28]. The combination (glutamic acid 200 mg L -1 + arginine acid 200 mg L -1 ) had the highest mean for trait, amounting to 81.77 spike grain -1 , with a significant difference from rest of genotypes, while comparison treatment gave lowest average for trait (58.03) spike grain -1 .…”

“…Arithmetic means through shown in table (7), there is a significant difference between genotypes, as two genotypes Misr 3 and Giza 164 were significantly superior (14.84) and (14.80) tons per ha -1 over all the genotypes studied with exception of two genotypes Sakha 95 and Sakha 61 ( 14.75 and 14.73 tons ha -1 , respectively, while al-Fayyad genotype recorded lowest average for this trait, reaching 13.55 tons ha -1 .The difference in genotypes in traits of biological yield may be because of the nature of genetic factors of each of them and is also because of increase in dry matter production and storage in direct proportion to an increase in vegetative growth. These results were agreed with [28,32], regarding effect of concentration of glutamic acid and arginine and their combinations, as results recorded a significant difference, that combination (glutamic acid 200 mg L -1 + arginine acid 200 mg L -1 ) recorded highest mean for trait (15.53) tons ha -1 compared to control treatment. (13.67) tons ha -1 .…”