“…However, the resulting optimal pulse has a complicated structure, making it difficult to achieve experimentally. Regardless of whether the molecules are left in the ground or an excited electronic state, it has been demonstrated that pumpdump [20,21] and STIRAP [19,22,23] methodologies can achieve stabilization. Nevertheless, the involvement of intermediate excited electronic states can introduce complications, like fast spontaneous decay, internal conversions and intersystem crossings.…”