“…The former resorts to a mathematical formulation, e.g., mixed integer linear or nonlinear programming (see, e.g., Floudas, 1987;Wehe and Westerberg, 1987;Floudas and Anastasiadis, 1988). In contrast, the latter is based on rules of thumb from extensive industrial and/ or computational experience and insights into the chemistry and physics of the separation technologies (see, e.g., Muraki and Hayakawa, 1984;Lu and Motard, 1985;Muraki et al, 1986;Bampopouls et al, 1988;Chen and Fan, 1993;Hu et al, 1993;Liu and Xu, 1995).…”