The current study investigated the protective effect of sesame seed oil (SSO) against testicular damage and endocrine disruption induced by the oral intoxication with penconazole (PENZ), a commonly used systemic triazole fungicide, in adult male Wistar rats. Subchronic oral exposure to two different doses of PENZ significantly reduced fertility indices, serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, and by contrast a significant increase was recorded in serum estradiol and testosterone levels. Furthermore, PENZ significantly depleted testicular vitamins (A, C and E) level. On the other hand, administration of SSO prior to PENZ intoxication ameliorated most of the fertility indices and minimized PENZ-induced adverse effects on serum sexual, reproductive and thyroid hormones, compared to PENZ-treated animals. Histological data confirmed the biochemical findings. In conclusion, supplementation of SSO might be beneficial against the endocrine-disrupting potential and testicular toxicity induced by PENZ in adult male rats. abstract induced toxic effects on rat testes and endocrine disrupting potential and the probable protective effect of SSO supplementation.