Hidden Internet topologies info

Berenguer, Sofía Silva; Carisimo, Esteban; Alvarez-Hamelin, José Ignacio; Valera, Francisco

doi:10.1145/2940116.2940118

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This metric has already been successfully used by the authors in another article ( [13]) to measure the impact of adding local routing information on graphs at different scales.…”

Section: Interconnection and Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This graph will be later on enriched using looking glasses in the region or directly requesting data from local Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) or Internet Service Providers (ISPs), as it is typically required for an AS level topological study in order to better approach the real topology and as expected, it will be shown that many peering relationships are now exposed. These hidden peering relationships have been particularly analyzed in [13] for Bolivia and some general conclusions were also obtained for the continent and whole world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiography of internet autonomous systems interconnection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Berenguer

Valera

2018

Computer Communications

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Lots of studies about the Internet Autonomous System (AS) level topology have been carried out during the last twenty years, most of them analyzing this topology on a world-wide scale, a lot of them based on routing information from the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). However, studies focusing on a specific region and making comparisons between regions are not that popular and in fact, most world-wide studies are not valid in some particular regions. This work is targeting this particular problem of the regional or country topology analysis by enhancing regular AS-level graphs where to apply different connectivity metrics. The focus is set on Latin America and the Caribbean (the LAC region) which exhibits appropriate conditions for this type of analysis and where we show that a basic metric comparison may not be good enough so as to realize that there is a connectivity problem in the region. After concluding that the situation in the LAC region in terms of interconnection is even worse than expected, we perform some country-level studies finding correlations between graph characteristics and some socioeconomic indicators. We then use these correlations to identify countries in which it would be worth pushing for the deployment of an Internet Exchange Point (IXP), as simulating the creation of an IXP there has a great impact on the interconnection level and on the robustness of the regional Internet.

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“…This metric has already been successfully used by the authors in another article ( [13]) to measure the impact of adding local routing information on graphs at different scales.…”

Section: Interconnection and Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiography of internet autonomous systems interconnection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Berenguer

Valera

2018

Computer Communications

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“…En cuanto a los trabajos de investigación en Latinoamérica, Silva Berenguer et al [18] ha recientemente analizado la ausencia de conocimiento acerca de las redes de la región en los proyectos de investigación de escala global. Utilizando información de los PITs de Brasil (PTT), Argentina (CABASE) y los resultados obtenidos de este artículo, se han podido cuantificar las diferencias que se pueden obtener en la topología de Internet al agregar esta información.…”

Section: Literatura Relacionadaunclassified

“…Continuando con el trabajo realizado por Silva Berenguer et al [18], se buscó generar mapas de la topología de la red boliviana que contaran con mayor precisión que los obtenidos a través de proyectos internacionales. Con esta finalidad, en primer lugar, se recopilo información BPG provista por RIPE RIS (RR) y RouteViews (RV), tomandoúnicamente los Sistemas Autónomos que tuvieran presencia en Bolivia de acuerdo con RIPEstat Data API.…”

Section: B Relevamiento De La Topología Y Su Robustezunclassified

Tomografía de la red en un IXP: Primer análisis del PIT Bolivia

Carisimo

2017

Elek.

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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) have been responsible for leading the most significant change on Internet ecosystem in the last 15 years. Despite the popularity of IXPs, a large number of countries delayed to introduce this infrastructure in their national networks. In 2013, Bolivia encouraged the creating of a national IXP, which motivated us to make the first study about an IXP in Latin America, in a country which had not deployed this infrastructure yet. However, due to the lack of vantage points of measurement projects in Bolivia, it was necessary to develop and deploy a measurement platform, which was called PladMeD, to be able to analyze the influence of the IXP. This works presents a six-month analysis about the influence of the IXP on the national network and it mainly focuses on the modifications in the interconnection as well as the quality of service.Resumen-Los Puntos de Intercambios de Tráfico (PIT) han sido protagonistas fundamentales del mayor cambio del ecosistema de Internet en losúltimos 15 años. A pesar de la popularidad de los PITs, gran cantidad de países demoraron en incorporar esta infraestructura a sus redes. En 2013, Bolivia impulsó la creación del PIT nacional, lo que motivó nuestro interés de estudiar por primera vez un PIT en la región, en un país que aún no contara con esta infraestructura. Sin embargo, ante la ausencia de sondas de medición de Internet en Bolivia fue necesario desarrollar una plataforma (PladMeD) para observar la influencia del PIT. En este artículo se estudió durante seis meses el efecto del PIT en la red nacional, enfocándose en las modificaciones en la interconexión y la calidad de servicio en la red nacional. I. INTRODUCCIÓNEl gobierno boliviano promulgó la Ley de Telecomunicaciones en 2011 1 , por la cual promovía la creación del primer Punto de Intercambio de Tráfico (PIT, del inglés Internet Exchange Point, IXP) para interconectar a los seis mayores proveedores del país (AXS, COTAS, ENTEL, COMTECO, NUEVATEL y TELECEL). Este hecho que motivó nuestro interés en investigar el impacto de la creación del PIT en una red nacional, la cual no contaba con ningún PIT y además contaba con escasa interconexión. Sin embargo, debido al proceso de propagación de rutas de BGP y la carencia de puntos de observación en Bolivia, el conocimiento de la red y los efectos de PIT serían imperceptibles desde el exterior, lo cual nos condujo al despliegue de una plataforma de medición local, capaz de permitirnos observar estos fenómenos.1 La Resolución Administrativa Regulatoria ATT-DJ-RA TL 0482/2013 establece la creación del PIT. Esta se basa en resoluciones, decretos y leyes previamente promulgados.Un PIT es una arquitectura de Internet que tiene como finalidad poder generar múltiples interconexiones entre Sistemas Autónomos (ASes, del inglés Autonomous System, AS) en unúnico punto. Más aún, su creación y funcionamiento se encuentran fundamentados bajo el leitmotive "mantener local el tráfico local", ya que los PITs buscan dotar de interconexión local a los ASes, con el objetivo que...

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“…As noticed in the study, PeeringDB and Packet‐Clearing House (PCH) public data sets on IXP colocation are not up‐to‐date when it comes to IXPs in Africa because some IXP members either do not register as peers at existing infrastructures or do not add their prefixes to their information in those data sets. Besides, locally useful data essential to support the growth of peering in the region is unavailable: this is particularly important in regions such as AfriNIC or LACNIC (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre), where the hidden Internet topology complicates the analysis of the expansion possibilities . Further, other increasingly useful measurement resources (eg, the RIPE Atlas network) still offer limited visibility in the African IXP substrate: despite intensive deployment efforts, only 17.5% of local networks host a RIPE Atlas probe as of April 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system for profiling the IXPs in a region and monitoring their growth: Spotlight at the internet frontier

et al. 2018

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This work aims at designing and implementing a system able to profile and help manage the set of Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) in an Internet region.As part of the Internet Society's strategy to help monitor and understand the evolution of IXPs in a particular region, a route-collector data analyzer tool was developed before being deployed and tested in AfriNIC. In fact, traffic localization efforts in the African peering ecosystem would be more sustained, and their efficacy assessed if they were supported by a platform, which evaluates and reports in real time about their impact on the Internet. We, thus, built the "African" Route-collectors Data Analyzer (ARDA), an open source web platform for analyzing publicly available routing information collected since 2005, by local route-collectors. ARDA evaluates predefined metrics that picture the status of the interconnection at local, national, and regional levels. It shows that a small proportion of AfriNIC ASes (roughly 17%) are peering in the region. Through them, 58% of all African networks are visible at one IXP or more. These have been static from April to September 2017, and even February 2018, underlining the need for increased efforts to improve local interconnectivity. We show how ARDA can help detect the impact of policies on the growth of local IXPs or continually provide the community with up-to-date empirical data on the evolution of the IXP substrate. Given its features, this tool will be a helpful compass for stakeholders in the quest for better traffic localization and new interconnection opportunities in the targeted region.

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Hidden Internet topologies info

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Radiography of internet autonomous systems interconnection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Radiography of internet autonomous systems interconnection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Tomografía de la red en un IXP: Primer análisis del PIT Bolivia

A system for profiling the IXPs in a region and monitoring their growth: Spotlight at the internet frontier

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