Hide and flirt: observed behavior of female jaguars (Panthera onca) to protect their young cubs from adult males

Stasiukynas, Diana; Boron, Valeria; Hoogesteijn, Rafael; Barragan, Jorge; Martin, Abigail E.; Tortato, Fernando Rodrigo; Rincón, Samantha; Payán, Esteban

doi:10.1007/s10211-021-00384-9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Unlike the young of other mammals, groin and axilla of human infants require regularly applied and specialized powder/product in lieu of soap or clean water. Taking into consideration recent zoological research (Ortiza, Batista, Blanco, & Gobello, 2022;Stasiukynas et al, 2022), hygiene taken by humans in rearing infants, for example, proves to be nowhere easier than that taken by wild cats caring for their cubs. This is utterly at odds with the natural evolution of human skin.…”

Section: Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Synopsis of the Challenges Facing Mainstream Interpretations of Skin Pigmentation in Humans

Cibangu¹

2023

IJB

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When traditional or mainstream interpretations of skin pigmentation in humans were proposed, not much data was available about the anatomy of human skin in particular and pigment research in general. The most popular and influential thesis put forth to date to justify the evolution of skin pigmentation is the thesis that skin pigmentation grew out of a natural adaptation of Homo sapiens skin to scorching conditions of fiery heat faced with by Homo sapiens individuals in equatorial regions of Africa. It is thereby argued that peak UVR [ultraviolet rays] environments encountered in equatorial/savannah climate caused an eccrine gland production to offset the overheating of skin during the high physical activity of hunting exerted by Homo sapiens persons. However, with human anatomy increasingly becoming the object of scrutiny from various fronts of biology, newer insights have given rise to significant blind spots vis-à-vis traditional explanations of black skin pigmentation. The present paper takes stock of the major challenges afflicting existing characterizations of human skin evolution. Paths for future research of skin/pigment are suggested. The paper aims to lay out a follow-up on and/or synopsis of recurrent challenges that the space of pigment research has accumulated over the years, giving way to long due synergies. In a world supersensitive to racial equality and dignity, the paper furnishes concerned researchers and policy makers with a much-needed contribution to inquiry into dark- and black-skinned peoples.

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Section: Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Synopsis of the Challenges Facing Mainstream Interpretations of Skin Pigmentation in Humans

Cibangu¹

2023

IJB

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Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela: Estimating Distribution and Population Size by Combining Different Modeling Approaches

Jędrzejewski,

Boron,

Garrido

et al. 2023

Neotropical Mammals

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Collaborative behaviour and coalitions in male jaguars (Panthera onca)—evidence and comparison with other felids

Jędrzejewski

Hoogesteijn

Devlin

et al. 2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Most large felids are classified as solitary species, with only lions (Panthera leo) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) exhibiting social, collaborative behaviours. Herein, we present evidence of the formation of male coalitions by jaguars (Panthera onca), based on data from five studies conducted with camera trapping, GPS telemetry, and direct observations in the Venezuelan Llanos and Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 7062 male records obtained with camera traps or visual observations, we detected 105 cases of male-male interactions, of which we classified 18 as aggression, nine as tolerance, 70 as cooperation/coalition, and eight as unidentified. In two studies, two male jaguars formed stable coalitions lasting over 7 years each. In the Llanos, each coalition male paired and mated with several females. For male jaguar coalitions, we documented similar behaviours as recorded earlier in lions or cheetahs, which included patrolling and marking territory together, invading territories of other males, collaborative chasing and killing other jaguars, and sharing prey. However, different from lions or cheetahs, associated male jaguars spent less time together, did not cooperate with females, and did not hunt cooperatively together. Our analysis of literature suggested that male jaguar coalitions were more likely to form when females had small home range size, a proxy of females’ concentration, while in lions, the male group size was directly correlated with the female group size. Similarly, locally concentrated access to females may drive formation of male coalitions in cheetahs. We conclude that high biomass and aggregation of prey are likely drivers of sociality in felids. Significance statement The division into social and solitary species in large felids has so far seemed unambiguous, with only lions and cheetahs classified as social species, in which male coalitions also occurred. Our data show that, under certain conditions, male coalitions may also form in jaguar populations. Factors that drive formation of male coalitions in lions and cheetahs, but not in other species of large cats, have not been clear until now. Our analyses indicate that in jaguars, lions, and cheetahs, the concentration of females likely plays the most important role. In jaguars, the probability of male coalition occurrence is highest in populations with the smallest mean female home range size (and thus likely high local density of females), while in lions, male group size is most strongly correlated with female group size.

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Hide and flirt: observed behavior of female jaguars (Panthera onca) to protect their young cubs from adult males

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Toward a Synopsis of the Challenges Facing Mainstream Interpretations of Skin Pigmentation in Humans

Toward a Synopsis of the Challenges Facing Mainstream Interpretations of Skin Pigmentation in Humans

Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela: Estimating Distribution and Population Size by Combining Different Modeling Approaches

Collaborative behaviour and coalitions in male jaguars (Panthera onca)—evidence and comparison with other felids

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