Hidrocarbonetos Em Solos E Sedimentos Do Entorno Da Estação Antártica Brasileira Comandante Feraz

Abstract

RESUMOPor mais remoto e desabitado que o continente Antártico seja, ele não está livre do impacto da presença humana. Dentre os possíveis impactos, a presença de hidrocarbonetos derivados de petróleo têm sido objeto de preocupação. A ocorrência de embarcações operando na região e o transporte de óleo diesel para os geradores da Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz (EACF) tem contribuído para a introdução de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo no ambiente. Este trabalho, como parte do projeto Criossolos, teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo no entorno da EACF. As amostras de solos foram coletadas numa grade rígida durante o verão de 2003. Os hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e policíclicos aromáticos foram extraídos por Soxhlet. Os hidrocarbonetos foram separados, identificados e quantificados por meio de CGMS. Os hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e policíclicos aromáticos encontrados no solo e sedimentos assemelharam-se àqueles do diesel e a sua área de dispersão, principalmente em sub-superfície, foi maior que aquela dos hidrocarbonetos voláteis. Os hidrocarbonetos alifáticos com maiores concentrações foram o pentadecano, octadecano e o pentacosano. Dentre os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos os compostos acenafteno, fluoranteno e criseno obtiveram maiores concentrações e uma maior área de dispersão. Palavras-chaves: Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos alifáticos, contaminação com petróleo, ação antrópica. ABSTRACT HYDROCARBONS IN SOILS AND SEDIMENTS AT THE SAROUNDS OF BRAZILIAN ANTARTIC STATION OF COMANDANTE FERRAZ.Despite being remote and uninhabited, the Antartic Continent is not free from the impact of human presence. Among the possible impacts, the presence of oilderived hydrocarbons has been a matter of concern. The ships operating in the region and the transportation of diesel oil to the power plant of Comandante Ferraz Station (EACF) have contributed to the introduction of oil hydrocartbons into the environment. This work, as part of Criosols project, aimed to evaluate the presence of oil hydrocarbons at the surrounds of EACF. Soils samples were collected in a prestablished area during the summer of 2003. The aliphatic and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons were extracted by Soxhlet. The hydrocarbons were isolated, identified and quantified by CGMS. The aliphatic and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons found in the soil and sediments were similar to those found in the diesel fuel and their areas of dispersion, mainly in the sub-surface, were larger than those of the volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. The aliphatic hydrocarbons with the highest concentrations were pentadecane, octadecane and pentacosane. Among the aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, acenaftene, fluorantene and chysene had the highest concentrations and a larger area of dispersion.

Bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil from Antarctic vascular plants of Admiralty Bay, maritime Antarctica

“…Previous reports described the presence of pollutants such as aromatic hydrocarbons and fecal sterols from wastewater discharge in the vicinity of the Brazilian station (Bícego et al, 1996;Martins et al, 2005;Luz et al, 2006;Oliveira et al, 2007). Thus, these anthropogenic impacts could be promoting these changes in microbial diversity, causing the pristine singular microbial diversity of the surrounding area to become more similar to the common profile that is frequently observed worldwide.…”

Adsorption of arsenate (HAsO42-) by the clay fraction of soils of the Keller and Barton Peninsulas, King George Island, Maritime Antarctic

“…A partir da assinatura do Tratado da Antártica, em 1959, houve a abertura do continente à pesquisa e ao turismo, e essas atividades, apesar de controladas, podem promover contaminação principalmente por hidrocarbonetos (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007) e metais pesados (SANTOS et al, 2005;TOWNSEND et al, 2009). Além disso, há contribuição contínua de partículas poluentes depositadas no continente pela ação do vento.…”

Histopathological Alterations on Antarctic Fish Notothenia Coriiceps and Notothenia Rossii as Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination

“…Studies report that Antarctica has been a ected for some time by sporadic pollution events, generated by the intensity and variety of human activities, which have increased over recent years (Oliveira et al, 2007;Tin, 2008). e branchial detachment or edema was one histopathology found in all collected animals, regardless of the species or sampling stations.…”

“…Studies reporting human activity in the Admiralty Bay date back to 1987, with the beginning of the analyzes of hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments and on the water surface (Bícego et al, 1996;Oliveira et al, 2007;Martins et al, 2010). The research about distribution and concentration patterns of waste indicators deriving from the station in soil samples , the biomonitoring of genotoxic potential through nuclear erythrocyte abnormalities (Ngan et al, 2007) and the evaluation of heavy metal concentration (Santos et al, 2006) are examples of well-studied cases.…”