Hierarchical Partitioning

Chevan, Albert; Sutherland, Michael R.

doi:10.1080/00031305.1991.10475776

Cited by 749 publications

(387 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

383

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The hierarchical partitioning provides, for each explanatory variable separately, an estimate of the independent and joint contribution with all other variables (Heikkinen et al, 2005;Chevan and Sutherland, 1991;Mac-Nally, 2000;Quinn and Keough, 2002). To test the statistical significance of the independent contributions of variables, we also performed a randomization routine which yielded Z-scores for the generated distribution of randomized independent contributions, and a measure of statistical significance based on an upper 0.95 confidence limit (Mac-Nally, 2002;Heikkinen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Analyses Of the Relationships Between Green Space Coverage Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

Zhao

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

► The green space coverage in Chinese cities increased steadily from 1991 to 2009. ► Cities in the same region exhibited long-term similar trends of development. ► Population, land area and GDP significantly affected green space coverage. ► Per capita GDP had the highest independent contribution to green space coverage. ► A linear model to predict variance in green space was constructed. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Irrespective of which side is taken in the densification-sprawl debate, insights into the relationship between urban green space coverage and urbanization have been recognized as essential for guiding sustainable urban development. However, knowledge of the relationships between socio-economic variables of urbanization and long-term green space change is still limited. In this paper, using simple regression, hierarchical partitioning and multi-regression, the temporal trend in green space coverage and its relationship with urbanization were investigated using data from 286 cities between 1989 and 2009, covering all provinces in mainland China with the exception of Tibet. We found that: [1] average green space coverage of cities investigated increased steadily from 17.0% in 1989 to 37.3% in 2009; [2] cities with higher recent green space coverage also had relatively higher green space coverage historically; [3] cities in the same region exhibited similar long-term trends in green space coverage; [4] eight of the nine variables characterizing urbanization showed a significant positive linear relationship with green space coverage, with 'per capita GDP' having the highest independent contribution (24.2%);[5] among the climatic and geographic factors investigated, only mean elevation showed a significant effect; and [6] using the seven largest contributing individual factors, a linear model to predict variance in green space coverage was constructed. Here, we demonstrated that green space coverage in built-up areas tended to reflect the effects of urbanization rather than those of climatic or geographic factors. Quantification of the urbanization effects and the characteristics of green space development in China may provide a valuable reference for research into the processes of urban sprawl and its relationship with green space change.

show abstract

Section: Analyses Of the Relationships Between Green Space Coverage Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

Zhao

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 In this technique, explanatory variables were grouped into three blocks. Block 1 included age, height, weight, smoking, alcohol intake, non-sports leisure activity, and work activity; block 2 included sports activity (or peak strain activity) only; and block 3 included the dietary variables of total energy, calcium, protein, phosphorus, total fat, and vitamin D.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between physical activity and bone mineral status in young adults: the Northern Ireland young hearts project

Neville

Murray²,

Boreham

et al. 2002

Bone

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical activity during the first three decades of life may increase peak bone mass and reduce future osteoporosis risk. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which different components of physical activity may influence bone mineral status within a representative population sample of young men and women. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in 242 men and 212 women, aged 20 -25 years, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity was assessed by a self-report questionnaire designed to measure the frequency and duration of physical activity and its components (i.e., work, non-sports leisure, sports-related activities, and peak strain sports activities). Potential confounding factors such as height, weight, diet, and smoking habits were also assessed. In multivariate linear regression models, sports activity and peak strain sports activity undertaken by men were strongly associated with both lumbar spine BMD (␤ ‫؍‬ , respectively) (all p < 0.01), but work and non-sports leisure activities were not. In women, there were no associations between bone measurements and any component of physical activity. In models involving all subjects the gender/sports activity, but not the gender/peak strain, interaction term was statistically significant. Sports activity explained 10.4% of the observed variance in lumbar spine BMD in men, but <1% in women. These results demonstrate the importance of sports activities, especially those involving high peak strain, in determining peak bone status in young men. Failure to observe this association in women reflects their lower participation in such activities, but they may have the same capacity to benefit from these activities as men. Intervention studies are warranted to determine whether peak bone density in women can be improved by participating, during childhood and adolescence, in sports activities involving high peak strain. 0

show abstract

“…We therefore carried out a hierarchical partitioning, which is able to calculate the part of variation that is uniquely and in combination with other variables explained by a single explanatory variable (Chevan and Sutherland 1991;MacNally and Walsh 2004). The hierarchical partitioning was carried out for each of the herbivore species separately, using rainfall, year, tree density, and elephant density as predictors, but also included the total biomass consumption by all other grazer and all browser species as two additional predictor variables to represent the competition pressure from these two species groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elephant-mediated habitat modifications and changes in herbivore species assemblages in Sabi Sand, South Africa

Boer

Oort

Grover³

et al. 2015

Eur J Wildl Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elephant Loxodonta africana conservation might indirectly influence the wider herbivore community structure, as elephants have the ability to significantly modify the savanna habitat. Uncertainty remains as to the consequences of these effects, as elephants might either compete with other species or facilitate foraging especially for grazers and smaller browsing species by increasing the amount of grass or the amount of browse at lower feeding heights. We studied these potential cascading effects of elephants by using 16 years of data (1992-2011) from the Sabi Sand Wildtuin, South Africa, which showed a steady increase in elephant densities from 0.12 to 2.03 elephants/km 2 over this period. We demonstrate that tree densities, and browse availability at feeding heights below 2 m, decreased with increasing elephant densities, and that there was no positive effect of elephants on browse availability. The changes in elephant densities were good predictors (R 2 adj >0.50) in explaining population fluctuations of other herbivore species. The total body mass of grazers increased more than that of the browsers, shifting the community toward a grazer and megaherbivore-dominated community. An increasing density of elephants changes the composition of the herbivore community, as mesobrowsers are unable to benefit from the impact of elephants on trees, but megagrazers show strong positive responses. Hence, changes in elephant densities as a result of poaching or conservation may trigger cascading community effects. These are neglected but important consequences of (negative or positive) human impacts on elephant numbers, especially in restricted areas such as reserves and national parks.

show abstract

Hierarchical Partitioning

Cited by 749 publications

References 14 publications

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

Relationship between physical activity and bone mineral status in young adults: the Northern Ireland young hearts project

Elephant-mediated habitat modifications and changes in herbivore species assemblages in Sabi Sand, South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About