Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Free-Space Optical Mobile Ad hoc Networks (FSO/RF MANET)

Abstract

The existing routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network such as DSDV, AODV, DSR, ZRP, SRL, HSR, etc cannot be utilized for FSO/RF MANET owing to certain disjoint characteristics of free space optical (FSO) and MANET. The characteristics include accommodating directionality, accuracy in routing information, memory, reduced overhead and delay. In this paper, a hierarchical routing protocol for FSO/RF MANET is proposed. In this protocol, a network connector which connects the hybrid networks is defined. The cluster formation is based on Neighborhood Discovery Algorithm. In each cluster, the node, which is nearer to the network connector, is elected as cluster head. Each network connector gathers information of all cluster members and their CH and builds a routing table using network connector discovery algorithm. When the source node of a network wants to send data to destination node in another network, FSO/RF MANET routing protocol is used. Simulation result, show that the proposed routing protocol minimizes the delay while enhancing the end-to-end throughput.

Reconfigurable routing protocol with optical sphere in FSO MANET

“…The proposed CRHRP is compared with Per‐Flow Buffering (PFB) algorithm with AODV and Hierarchical Routing Protocol (HRP) . The performance of the protocols is evaluated based on metrics like packet drop, average packet delivery ratio, average residual energy, and end‐to‐end delay.…”

“…Kishore Kumar and Murthy have proposed a hierarchical routing protocol for FSO/RF MANET. In this protocol, clusters are formed using the Neighborhood Discovery Algorithm.…”

“…A network connector is defined, which collects information from all cluster members and their cluster head to form the routes. The node which is near to the network connector is selected as the cluster head . However, it does not deal with cluster member failure or route breakages.…”

“…The clustering process depends on the neighbor discovery algorithm (NDA), in which every node maintains a neighbor table that comprises of identity of the neighboring nodes and status of the link.…”

“…A routing protocol is necessary for the routers to communicate among each other by selecting the routes in the network. Existing routing protocols of MANET cannot be applied to FSO‐MANET, due to the unique features of FSO like directional routing …”