Hierarchically porous nanofibers comprising multiple core–shell Co3O4@graphitic carbon nanoparticles grafted within N-doped CNTs as functional interlayers for excellent Li–S batteries

Nanofibers Comprising Interconnected Chain‐Like Hollow N‐Doped C Nanocages as 3D Free‐Standing Cathodes for Li–S Batteries with Super‐High Sulfur Content and Lean Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

“…The high-resolution C 1s XPS profile (Figure 3b) suggests the presence of well-separated peaks at binding energies of 284.8, 286.5, 288.5, and 292.0 eV, which correspond to the CC, CN, CO, and CO bonds, respectively, in the HP-N-CNF. [5] The strong photoelectron signal for CC along with CN suggested the presence of carbonaceous material only along with N doping to form an N-doped carbon skeleton. [36,37] Furthermore, the deconvoluted N 1s XPS profile shown in Figure 3c shows three peaks centered at binding energies of 398.5, 400.1, and 402.8 eV, corresponding to pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N species, respectively, confirming the N doping in the carbon framework again.…”

“…The cathodic peak observed at 2.33 V is generally associated with the reduction of higher-order soluble LiPSs (Li 2 S n ; 6 ≤ n ≤ 8) to the middle-order LiPS (Li 2 S n ; 4 ≤ n ≤ 6). [5] Additionally, the cathodic peak at 2.05 V is attributed to the continuous reduction of middle-order polysulfides to insoluble lower-order LiPSs (Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S). [5] During the oxidation scan, the lower-order polysulfides are first oxidized to higher-order LiPSs at 2.32 V via the middle-order polysulfides and then, are finally reduced to elemental sulfur at 2.38 V, thus completing the full redox process.…”

“…[5] Additionally, the cathodic peak at 2.05 V is attributed to the continuous reduction of middle-order polysulfides to insoluble lower-order LiPSs (Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S). [5] During the oxidation scan, the lower-order polysulfides are first oxidized to higher-order LiPSs at 2.32 V via the middle-order polysulfides and then, are finally reduced to elemental sulfur at 2.38 V, thus completing the full redox process. [42][43][44][45] However, after the second cycle onward, the overlapping CV profiles suggest excellent reversibility of the redox process inside the Li-S cell.…”

“…The tremendous advances in Li-S batteries (LSBs) during the last decade have brought them to the forefront of several rechargeable battery technologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, the commercialization of LSBs is still lagging compared to their counterparts owing to several fundamental drawbacks such as the highly insulating nature of sulfur and its discharge product, i.e., Li 2 S formation and migration of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) species, which results in the loss of active material, severe carbonization and employed it as the LSB cathode substrate. [28] Similarly, Guo et al synthesized and tested N-CNF electrodes for Li-LiPSs battery performance.…”

Encapsulating Metal-Organic-Framework Derived Nanocages into a Microcapsule for Shuttle Effect-Suppressive Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

“…However, general and simple preparation approaches for large-scale yolk-shell materials are still highly required. In addition, several reports indicated that typical semiconductor Co 3 O 4 is a promising sulfur host because of its strong interaction with sulfur and polysulfides [17][18][19][20]. With this in mind, developing creative Co 3 O 4 -based composite for Li-S batteries is attractive and would be of great significance [21][22][23].…”