High abundance of virulence gene homologues in marine bacteria

Persson, Olof P.; Pinhassi, Jarone; Riemann, Lasse; Marklund, Britt-Inger; Rhen, Mikael; Normark, Staffan; González, José M.; Hagström, Åke

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01861.x

Cited by 90 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…An advantage to our analysis is that it reveals not only the environmentally influenced fraction of the membrane proteins, but also provides a window into those membrane proteins that appear insensitive to this set of environmental features. For example, in our CCA analysis, we find 44 out of the 151 families to be invariant across the sites, including the ubiquitous chloride channel and type III secretion proteins involved in virulence, as noted previously to be abundant in marine bacteria (Persson et al 2009). Within these invariant proteins there is a suggestion of functional importance, whether for essential cellular processes or processes intrinsic to their ocean habitats.…”

Section: Analysis Of Membrane Proteins In Metagenomicssupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of membrane proteins in metagenomics: Networks of correlated environmental features and protein families

Patel¹,

Gianoulis²,

Bjornson³

et al. 2010

Genome Res.

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Recent metagenomics studies have begun to sample the genomic diversity among disparate habitats and relate this variation to features of the environment. Membrane proteins are an intuitive, but thus far overlooked, choice in this type of analysis as they directly interact with the environment, receiving signals from the outside and transporting nutrients. Using global ocean sampling (GOS) data, we found nearly ∼900,000 membrane proteins in large-scale metagenomic sequence, approximately a fifth of which are completely novel, suggesting a large space of hitherto unexplored protein diversity. Using GPS coordinates for the GOS sites, we extracted additional environmental features via interpolation from the World Ocean Database, the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, and empirical models of dust occurrence. This allowed us to study membrane protein variation in terms of natural features, such as phosphate and nitrate concentrations, and also in terms of human impacts, such as pollution and climate change. We show that there is widespread variation in membrane protein content across marine sites, which is correlated with changes in both oceanographic variables and human factors. Furthermore, using these data, we developed an approach, protein families and environment features network (PEN), to quantify and visualize the correlations. PEN identifies small groups of covarying environmental features and membrane protein families, which we call “bimodules.” Using this approach, we find that the affinity of phosphate transporters is related to the concentration of phosphate and that the occurrence of iron transporters is connected to the amount of shipping, pollution, and iron-containing dust.

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Section: Analysis Of Membrane Proteins In Metagenomicssupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of membrane proteins in metagenomics: Networks of correlated environmental features and protein families

Patel¹,

Gianoulis²,

Bjornson³

et al. 2010

Genome Res.

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“…Another remarkable aspect originates from the high numbers of virulence gene homologues detected in marine non-pathogenic bacteria (Persson et al 2009). Those microorganisms may become pathogenic (Pallen and Wren 2007) and possibly function as additional chemical defence factor in nudibranchs and in cnidaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endobacteria in the tentacles of selected cnidarian species and in the cerata of their nudibranch predators

2011

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This is the first genetic analysis comparing cultured endobacteria discovered in the tentacles of cnidarian species (Tubularia indivisa, Tubularia larynx, Corymorpha nutans, Sagartia elegans) with those found in the cerata tips of selected nudibranch species (Berghia caerulescens, Coryphella lineata, Coryphella gracilis, Janolus cristatus, Polycera faeroensis, Polycera quadrilineata, Doto coronata, Dendronotus frondosus). Shared pathogenic activities were found among other microorganisms in the Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis group (TTX), and the Vibrio splendidus group (haemolytic, septicaemic, necrotic activity). Specific autochthonous endobacteria of extremely low similarity to their next neighbours were detected in nudibranch cerata. These organisms are regarded as new and unknown endobacteria; among them were Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea (95%), Orientia tsutsugamushi (84%), Gracilimonas tropica (96%), Balneola alkaliphia (95%), Loktanella rosea (97%). SEM micrographs provide insight into endobacterial aggregates in cnidarian tentacles and nudibranch cerata. Since certain nudibranch predators prey on cnidarian species, it is assumed that cnidarian tentacle bacteria are directly transferred to nudibranch cerata. The pathogenic endobacteria may contribute to the chemical defence of both the nudibranch and cnidarian species investigated.

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“…However, the T6SSs are found primarily in Gammaproteobacteria among the marine bacteria (732). Recently, T6SSs have also been identified in some bacterial strains, genomes, and marine metagenomes of Bacteroidetes (733)(734)(735)(736), an important group of secondary surface colonizers in marine environments (13,17,108,130,272,574).…”

Section: Deadly Competition: Chemical Agents Predation and Specialimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

Dang

Lovell

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

872

636

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SUMMARYBiotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. Microbial surface association also contributes to deleterious effects such as biofouling, biocorrosion, and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic determinants. The processes and mechanisms of colonization as well as key players among the surface-associated microbiota have been studied for several decades. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cell-surface, cell-cell, and interpopulation interactions shape the composition, structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functions of surface-associated microbial communities. Several key microbial processes and mechanisms, including (i) surface, population, and community sensing and signaling, (ii) intraspecies and interspecies communication and interaction, and (iii) the regulatory balance between cooperation and competition, have been identified as critical for the microbial surface association lifestyle. In this review, recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed. Major gaps in our knowledge remain. We pose questions for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features, answers to which would advance our understanding of surface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities at levels from molecular mechanistic details through systems biological integration.

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High abundance of virulence gene homologues in marine bacteria

Cited by 90 publications

References 49 publications

Analysis of membrane proteins in metagenomics: Networks of correlated environmental features and protein families

Analysis of membrane proteins in metagenomics: Networks of correlated environmental features and protein families

Endobacteria in the tentacles of selected cnidarian species and in the cerata of their nudibranch predators

Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

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