High-Accuracy Optical Fiber Transfer Delay Measurement Using Fiber-Optic Microwave Interferometry

Li, Shupeng; Qing, Ting; Fu, Jianbin; Wang, Xiangchuan; Pan, Shilong

doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.3033280

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Multi-path and high-accuracy optical transfer delay (OTD) measurement is fundamental to many applications, including distributed and quasi-distributed optical sensing [1] , distributed coherent aperture radars [2,3] , and optical true-time-delaybased phase arrays [4,5] . Commonly applied multi-path OTD measurements are realized based on time-multiplexed [6][7][8] and frequency-multiplexed [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] techniques. Time-multiplexed measurement systems, taking optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) as an example, can achieve long-range OTD measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the estimated time-domain response is given by the inverse discrete Fourier transform (iDFT). Benefitting from the fine and stable frequency scanning of the microwave source, these methods generally have a high accuracy (sub-picosecond level) [15] . Previously, researchers developed various algorithms to optimize the I-OFDR system's performance [14][15][16][17][18] , such as accuracy and speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benefitting from the fine and stable frequency scanning of the microwave source, these methods generally have a high accuracy (sub-picosecond level) [15] . Previously, researchers developed various algorithms to optimize the I-OFDR system's performance [14][15][16][17][18] , such as accuracy and speed. However, the time resolution of the I-OFDR is limited by the reciprocal of the bandwidth [16] , which can be hardly improved by other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-resolution enhanced multi-path OTD measurement using an adaptive filter based incoherent OFDR

Wang,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

中国光学快报

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High accuracy and time resolution optical transfer delay (OTD) measurement is highly desired in many multi-path applications, such as optical true-time-delay-based array systems and distributed optical sensors. However, the time resolution is usually limited by the frequency range of the probe signal in frequency-multiplexed OTD measurement techniques. Here, we proposed a time-resolution enhanced OTD measurement method based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR), where an adaptive filter is designed to suppress the spectral leakage from other paths to break the resolution limitation. A weighted least square (WLS) cost function is first established, and then an iteration approach is used to minimize the cost function. Finally, the appropriate filter parameter is obtained according to the convergence results. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the time-domain response of two optical links with a length difference of 900 ps is successfully estimated by applying a probe signal with a bandwidth of 400 MHz. The time resolution is improved by 2.78 times compared to the theoretical resolution limit of the inverse discrete Fourier transform (iDFT) algorithm. In addition, the OTD measurement error is below ±0.8 ps. The proposed algorithm provides a novel way to improve the measurement resolution without applying a probe signal with a large bandwidth, avoiding measurement errors induced by the dispersion effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-resolution enhanced multi-path OTD measurement using an adaptive filter based incoherent OFDR

Wang,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

中国光学快报

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“…It is worthy to mention here that, sensor delay is important factor affecting stability of the optical fiber sensors (Li et al 2021b ). However, one great advantage of THz metamaterials refractive-index-based biosensors that they have rapid sensing characteristics especially in virus detection (Akter et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimization of highly sensitive multi-band terahertz metamaterial biosensor for coronaviruses detection

2023

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This study presents the design and characterization of a highly Q-Factor and ultrasensitive THz refractive-index-based metamaterial biosensor for detecting coronaviruses at electronic infusion device (EID) concentrations $$0.01$$ 0.01 and $$1000$$ 1000 . The proposed biosensor is constructed using a gold plane perforated by a star shape. Moreover, the developed structure is polarization insensitive due to the rotatory symmetry and is angularly stable up to 90°. The proposed biosensor achieves near-perfect absorption at $$1.9656$$ 1.9656 THz and $$3.3692$$ 3.3692 THz. The full width at half-maximum is $$5.276\%$$ 5.276 % and $$0.641\%$$ 0.641 % comparative to the absorption frequency. In addition, the estimated free space absorptivity is 97.2% and 99.1% with a Q-Factor of 19.08 and 155.98 at 1.9656 THz and 3.3692 THz, respectively, when transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) was selected. The perforated star-shaped was evaluated for IBV (Family of COVID-19) regarding frequency deviation, sensitivity, and figure of merit. Results show that at 1.9656 THz, the proposed design gives 30.8 GHz, 940.49 GHz/RIU, and 8.6, respectively, for 0.01 (EID/5 µL concentration) and 4.4 GHz, 2200 × 103 GHz/RIU, and 20,215.014, respectively at 1.9612 THz for 1000 (EID/5 µL concentration). Although the obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed THz metamaterial biosensor in coronavirus detection, it has also been extended for other types of viruses, including H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, and FAdV, based on the slight variations in their refractive indices. Additionally, the influence of the design parameters is optimized in order to achieve better performance.

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Integrated Optical Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamforming Chip: A Review

Shi,

Niu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The microwave photonic (MWP) beamforming chip is a crucial component for achieving the miniaturization of optically controlled phased array radar systems. It addresses the unwanted ‘beam squint’ effect of traditional electronic antenna arrays in processing wideband RF signals through optical tunable delay lines (OTDLs), which has garnered significant attention and research efforts in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on the classification, working principle, calibration and delay measurement methods, driving and control technologies, and system function verifications of OTDL and MWP beamforming chips. Also, discussions about the challenges that need to be addressed and the future development trends for this technology are given.

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High-Accuracy Optical Fiber Transfer Delay Measurement Using Fiber-Optic Microwave Interferometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Time-resolution enhanced multi-path OTD measurement using an adaptive filter based incoherent OFDR

Time-resolution enhanced multi-path OTD measurement using an adaptive filter based incoherent OFDR

Design and optimization of highly sensitive multi-band terahertz metamaterial biosensor for coronaviruses detection

Integrated Optical Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamforming Chip: A Review

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